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• ### Is the load on the beams correct if the data of the crane data sheet has been transferred to CRANEWAY with the correct sign?

If the specifications of the crane data sheet have been correctly interpreted by the user and defined analogously in CRANEWAY, the loads are applied correctly.
• ### How is the Cp coefficient of the surface result determined in RWIND Simulation?

The surface Cp coefficient result scales the determined wind pressures with the dynamic pressure q(H) of the undisturbed wind flow at the top edge of the model.

The Cp coefficients or wind pressure coefficients are determined individually at each location of the surface. The positive values correspond to a compressive load and the negative values correspond to a suction load away from the surface.

The wind pressure from the undisturbed flow is determined by using the wind profile at the wind tunnel inlet at height H. The height H is determined automatically by using the highest available model edge.

#formula@000899#

• ### Is it possible to design a crane runway girder without stiffeners on supports in CRANEWAY?

The resistance of the web to shear loads is verified during the design. If there are no stiffeners arranged in the area of the supports, a minimum wheel distance must be satisfied for the start and end supports according to EN 1993‑1‑5, Section 5.3(2)(a). The program provides two solution approaches.
a) A stiffener is arranged for the start and end support.
b) In Window 1.4, buffers are arranged that ensure the minimum distance of the crane wheel from the support.
• ### Which types of glued-laminated beams can be calculated with a raised dry joint?

A loose ridge wedge can be considered for beam types 5 and 6, that is, only for the types of pitched cambered beams. This option is not available for Beam Type 3 of double tapered beam.
• ### How can I model several simply supported beams in a row in CRANEWAY?

You can model several single-span beams in a row by inserting releases:

• Activate "Release" in Window "1.2 Geometry", see Figure 01.

• Edit the releases in the "Releases" tab that becomes active.

• ### I have the SHAPE‑THIN 9 license, but I cannot transfer the created cross-section into the RFEM program. What is the problem?

The problem is in the RFEM version. SHAPE-THIN 9.01 was released together with the RFEM version 5.22.01. The files created in SHAPE‑THIN 9 have the format *.du9. The RFEM versions older than 5.22.01 do not recognize this extension, and thus the cross-sections created in a newer version cannot be loaded.
• ### What flow model and type of analysis is used in RWIND Simulation?

RWIND Simulation uses a numerical CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model to determine the airflow around objects using a digital wind tunnel.

RWIND Simulation is designed to use a variety of numerical solvers. We currently recommend the OpenFOAM ® software package, which showed very good results in our tests and is also a widely used tool for the CFD simulations.

The numerical solver is called "RWINDSimulationSolver" and belongs to the SIMPLE solver family. It is a solution for incompressible turbulent flow at steady state by using the SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithms.
• ### What is the formula used to calculate the ASCE 7 wind velocity profile?

The wind velocity profile in RWIND Simulation according to the ASCE 7-16 standard [1] is calculated based on Eq. 26.10-1. The coefficients and basic wind speed in this equation below are incorporated in the wind pressure equation.

Velocity wind pressure (imperial): qz = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd Ke V2

We must reference this equation to calculate the inlet velocity relative to elevation for the RWIND Simulation CFD wind tunnel. To consider only velocity rather than pressure from this equation, the basic wind speed is multiplied by the square-root of each coefficient. Notice the velocity variable in Eq. 26.10-1 is squared which requires the square root of the coefficients to be considered.

$Inlet\;velocity\;=\;V\sqrt{K_e\;\cdot\;K_{d\;}\cdot\;K_z\;\cdot\;K_{zt}}$

Because the ASCE 7-16 standard does not address wind CFD analysis and magnitude of the required inlet velocity, it is difficult to draw comparisons. Therefore, this is the closest estimate for calculating the RWIND Simulation inlet wind velocity per the code.

• ### According to which regulation or standard are composite beams designed in the program COMPOSITE‑BEAM 8.xx?

The COMPOSITE‑BEAM program allows for design of composite beams according to the preliminary standard ENV 1994‑1‑1:1992:10.

Until further notice, the pre-standard is only implemented. The design according to EN 1994‑1‑1 is currently not possible.

• ### When running PLATE‑BUCKLING as a stand‑alone program or as an add‑on module within RFEM/RSTAB, the "from RFEM" or "from RSTAB" button is grayed out.

If the PLATE‑BUCKLING add-on module is not opened as a stand-alone version, but via RFEM or RSTAB, it is possible to import the panels (c/t parts of a member cross-section) and the respective load cases of the RFEM or RSTAB model to PLATE‑BUCKLING (see the figure).

If there are no valid cross-sections of PLATE‑BUCKLING found in the model file of RFEM/RSTAB, the option for importing the buckling panels remains inactive.

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#### First Steps

We provide hints and tips to help you get started with the main programs RFEM and RSTAB.

#### Wind Simulation & Wind Load Generation

With the stand-alone program RWIND Simulation, wind flows around simple or complex structures can be simulated by means of a digital wind tunnel.

The generated wind loads acting on these objects can be imported to RFEM or RSTAB.

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