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• ### How is the load distributed to the members in the angular axis method if members are excluded from the load application?

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A surface load of 1 kN/m² delimited by nodes 1 to 4 is only applied to member 3 (Figure 1).

The entries made in the load generator are shown in Figure 02. There is no correction of the distribution according to the moment equilibrium (Figure 3).

The generated member load is shown in Figure 4. This is calculated as follows:

q = 1.00 kN/m² (area load)

h1 = 4.00 m

h2 = 6.00 m

btot = 12.00 m

$\mathrm\alpha\;=\;\arctan\left(\frac{{\mathrm h}_2\;-\;{\mathrm h}_1}{{\mathrm b}_{\mathrm{ges}}}\right)\;=\;\arctan\left(\frac{6,000\;-\;4,000}{12,000}\right)\;=\;9,46^\circ$

${\mathrm b}_1\;=\;\tan\left(\mathrm\alpha\right)\;\cdot\;{\mathrm h}_1\;=\;\tan\left(9,46^\circ\right)\;\cdot\;4,000\;=\;0,667\;\mathrm m$

${\mathrm l}_1\;=\;\sqrt{{\mathrm b}_1^2\;+\;{\mathrm h}_1^2}\;=\;\sqrt{0,667^2\;+\;4,000^2}\;=\;4,055\;\mathrm m$

${\mathrm l}_2\;=\;\cos\left(\mathrm\alpha\right)\;\cdot\;{\mathrm h}_2\;=\;\cos\left(9,46^\circ\right)\;\cdot\;6,000\;=\;5,918\;\mathrm m$

${\mathrm A} _ {\mathrm R}\; =\frac {\; {\mathrm b} _1\;\cdot\; {\mathrm h} _1} 2\; =\;\frac {\; 0.667\;\cdot\; 4,000} 2\; =\; 1.335\;\mathrm m ^ 2$ (remaining area marked in red in Figure 4)

${\mathrm l}_{\mathrm{ges}}\;=\;\sqrt{{\mathrm b}_{\mathrm{ges}}^2\;+\;\left({\mathrm h}_2\;-\;{\mathrm h}_1\right)^2}\;=\;\sqrt{12,000^2\;+\;\left(6,000\;-\;4,000\right)^2}\;=\;12,166\;\mathrm m$

${\mathrm q} _ {\mathrm c}\; =\:\frac {\mathrm q\;\cdot\; {\mathrm A} _ {\mathrm R}} {{\mathrm l} _ {\mathrm {ges}}}\; =\;\frac {1.00\;\cdot\; 1.333} {12.166}\; =\; 0.110\;\mathrm {kN}/\mathrm m$ (constant load component on loaded member)

${\mathrm q} _2\; =\: {\mathrm q} _ {\mathrm c}\; +\; {\mathrm l} _1\;\cdot\;\mathrm q\; =\;\: 0.110\; +\; 4.055\;\cdot\; 1,000\; =\; 4.165\;\mathrm {kN}/\mathrm m$ (member load node 2)

${\mathrm q} _5\; =\: {\mathrm q} _ {\mathrm c}\; +\; {\mathrm l} _2\;\cdot\;\mathrm q\; =\;\: 0.110\; +\; 5.918\;\cdot\; 1,000\; =\; 6.028\;\mathrm {kN}/\mathrm m$ (member load node 5)

q4 = qc = 0.110 kN/m (member load node 4)

• ### Is it possible to display the load cases and load combinations related to a result combination that lead to the maximum/minimum result?

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The corresponding load cases and load combinations can be displayed in result tables. For this, select the "Corresponding Load Cases" option in the "Table Filter" dialog box (Figure 01). To open the dialog box, use the menu Table → View → Result Filter or the corresponding button in the table toolbar (Figure 01).

In RSTAB, the corresponding load cases/combinations can be displayed in the following tables:

• 4.1 Members - Internal Forces
• 4.2 Sets of Members - Internal Forces
• 4.3 Cross-Section - Internal Forces
• 4.4 Nodes - Support Forces

In RFEM, the corresponding load cases/combinations can be displayed in the following tables:

• 4.1 Nodes - Support Forces
• 4.3 Lines - Support Forces
• 4.4 Members - Local Deformations
• 4.5 Members - Global Deformations
• 4.6 Members - Internal Forces
• 4.7 Members - Contact Forces
• 4.11 Sets of Members - Internal Forces
• 4.12 Cross-Sections - Internal Forces
• ### How can I import the authorization file into SHAPE‑MASSIVE?

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The authorization file is imported during the installation. In the "Authorization" installation step, set the path to the authorization file by clicking the "Browse" button (Figure 01).

• ### How can I remove graphics from a printout report?

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If you want to remove a graphic from the printout report, right-click the graphic and select the "Remove from Printout Report" option in the shortcut menu (Figure 01).

As an alternative, you can use the "Remove from Printout Report" function by right-clicking the relevant entry in the Printout Report Navigator (Figure 02).

It is also possible to delete several graphics at the same time. To do this, first select the relevant graphics by holding down the Ctrl key and then select the "Remove from Printout Report" option in the shortcut menu (Figure 03).

When a query appears whether you want to remove the selected items from the printout report, click "Yes" to confirm (Figure 04).

• ### I have defined a member on a polyline. Now, I get the error message saying that there is an unsupported member type when performing a deformation analysis of this member. What is the cause and how can I fix it?

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In RF‑DEFORM, you can only design members that are defined on a single line. Otherwise, the error message shown in Figure 01 appears.

You can use the "Explode Polyline" function to decompose the polyline (Figure 02). For straight lines, it is recommended to delete the redundant intermediate nodes (Figure 03). Then, the deformation analysis in RF‑DEFORM is possible.

• ### How can I change the colors of user-defined visibilities for a screen and a printout report?

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The colors of user-defined visibilities for the screen can be set in the panel. To do this, double-click the entry in the panel that you want to modify, and open the "Color" dialog box where you can select the desired color (Figure 01). The settings in the panel only affect the screen and not the printout report.

The color of user-defined visibilities can also be set in the display properties. You can open the dialog box by using the menu "Options" → "Display Properties" → "Edit" or the shortcut menu. The color setting for user-defined visibilities can be set separately for the screen and the printout report in the "Objects by Color" → "User-defined Visibilities" category (Figure 02).

Under the link below, you find the explanation of how to make identical settings for the screen and the printout report.

The video shows you how to change the color of the visibility "E‑05" for the screen in the panel. Then, it shows how to change the color of the visibility "E‑05" for the printout report.

• ### How can I change a user-defined visibility?

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Objects can be retroactively integrated into existing visibilities: Exit the visibility mode by using the menu "View" → "Visibility" → "Cancel Visibility Mode," or the corresponding button. Now, select the objects that you want to add.

In the Views navigator, click the user-defined visibility that you want to change in the "User-defined" list. This enables the button which allows you to integrate the selected objects into the user-defined visibility (Figure 01).

Similarly, you can use the "Remove Selected Objects from Selected User-Defined Visibility" button to remove the selected objects from a user-defined visibility (Figure 02).

Click the "Redefine Selected User-Defined Visibility by Selected Objects" button to overwrite the objects available in the marked visibility of the Views navigator by selecting them in the work window (Figure 03). Thus, the existing visibilities can be redefined, but the name is kept.

The video shows how to add additional members to the user-defined visibility "A." Then, a member is removed from the user-defined visibility "B." Finally, the user-defined visibility "C" is redefined by the selected objects.

• ### What is the purpose of a fillet weld in SHAPE‑THIN?

A fillet weld is only used to determine weld stresses due to shear force Vy, Vz (or Vu, Vv) as well as torsional moment Mxp, Mxs. The design of fillet welds with SHAPE‑THIN is described under the link "Design of Fillet Welds."

With a fillet weld, no connection between the elements is created. A connection can only be modeled with elements. You can find the information about modeling connections under the link "Connecting Elements in SHAPE-THIN."

• ### How can I graphically apply a member load to several members?

To apply a member load (graphically), open the "New Member Load" dialog box by using the menu Insert → Loads → 3.2 Member Loads → Graphically, or the corresponding icon in the toolbar. Then, define the load parameters. After clicking "OK," you can apply the member load to the respective member. As an alternative, it is possible to apply member loads to several members in a single step. To do this, hold down the left mouse button and draw a window over the relevant members (Figure 01). If you draw the window from left to right, the load is applied to the members that rest completely in this area. If you draw the window from right to left, the load is also applied to the members that are only partially in this area. This is also useful when working with visibilities or views.

Furthermore, it is also possible to first select the members to which the member load is to be applied, and then open the "New Member Load" dialog box. After defining the member load parameters and clicking "OK," the member load is applied to the previously selected members.

The video shows in Load Case 1 how is a member load applied one after the other by clicking the respective members. In Load Case 2, the load is applied in a single step by drawing a window over the relevant members. In Load Case 3, the members to be loaded are selected first. After defining the member load parameters, the member load is applied to the previously selected members.

• ### How can I adjust the size of a graphic in the short form printout?

The graphic is printed to the monitor at the same scale as the display scale. There is no other setting option in the printout dialog box (Figure 01).

Therefore, adjust the graphic on the screen accordingly.

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#### First Steps

We provide hints and tips to help you get started with the main programs RFEM and RSTAB.

#### Wind Simulation & Wind Load Generation

With the stand-alone program RWIND Simulation, wind flows around simple or complex structures can be simulated by means of a digital wind tunnel.

The generated wind loads acting on these objects can be imported to RFEM or RSTAB.

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