Diagrams of the three subfactors of the activation factor—capacity, angle, and position—of the local anisotropic tension stiffening extension
Diagrams of the three subfactors of the activation factor—capacity, angle, and position—of the local anisotropic tension stiffening extension
2026-09-17
064975

Tension Stiffening | Activation Factor: Capacity, Angle, and Position

Diagrams of the three subfactors of the activation factor—capacity, angle, and position—of the local anisotropic tension stiffening extension
A three-part graph illustrating the multiplicative components of the activation factor Δα_j,k. Part a shows the capacity factor g_j as a quadratically decreasing curve from 1 to 0 plotted against the ratio of the reinforcement strain to the yield strain, supplemented by the corresponding stress-strain diagram of the reinforcement. Part b shows the angle factor a_j,k as a straight line decreasing linearly from 1 to 0 as a function of the angle—related to 90 degrees—between the direction of the reinforcement and the principal tensile direction, with three example sketches for 0, 45, and 90 degrees. Part c shows the position factor p_j as a curve with a cosine-squared transition, fully effective within half the concrete cover, decreasing up to the full concrete cover, and zero beyond that, with three cross-sectional sketches for illustration.