柱由截面混凝土(矩形100/200)和钢截面(截面 I 200)组成。 It is subjected to pressure force. Determine the critical load and corresponding load factor. The theoretical solution is based on the buckling of a simple beam. In this case, two regions have to be taken into account due to different moments of inertia and material properties.
向紧密盘绕的螺旋弹簧施加压力。 The spring has middle diameter D, wire diameter d, and it consists of i turns. The total length of the spring is L. Determine the total deflection of the spring for the member model and one‑turn deflection for the solid model.