Empuje pasivo horizontal superior e inferior

σ_{h, t} = k_{p, h} (γ_{d} \cdot z_{o b e n} + q_{d}) + 2 \cdot {c^{'}}_{d} \cdot \sqrt{k_{p, h}}

σ_{h, b} = k_{p, h} (γ_{d} \cdot z_{u n t e n} + q_{d}) + 2 \cdot {c^{'}}_{d} \cdot \sqrt{k_{p, h}}

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