Deformation in Uncracked and Cracked State c

ε_{c, ϕ} = \frac{n_{ϕ}}{E \cdot A_{c, ϕ}}

κ_{c, ϕ} = k_{sh, c, ϕ} \cdot \frac{m_{ϕ} - n_{ϕ} \cdot e_{c, ϕ}}{E \cdot I_{c, ϕ}}

;