Dimensionamento de pilares de madeira segundo a NDS 2018 com o módulo RF-/TIMBER AWC

A barra é de pinho do Sul nº 2, 2x4 nominal, 90 cm de comprimento e foi utilizada como barra treliçada. O apoio lateral é fornecido apenas nas extremidades da barra e são consideradas articuladas. As cargas de permanente (DL), de neve (SL) e de vento (WL) são aplicadas no ponto superior e central da viga-pilar, como apresentado abaixo.

• Visualizador 3D | Google
• Visualizador 3D | Babylon
• Realidade virtual

Pilar de madeira

As propriedades da barra são exibidas após selecionar a secção e o material apropriados no programa.

Propriedades da secção transversal da madeira serrada 2x4

Propriedades materiais do Pinheiro do Sul

Fatores de ajuste na Tabela 4.3.1 da NDS 2018 para dimensionamento de ASD

Os valores de dimensionamento de referência (F_b, F_c e E_min) são multiplicados pelos fatores de ajuste para determinar os valores de dimensionamento ajustados. Para madeira serrada, estes fatores são dados na Tabela 4.3.1 {%>[2]. No entanto, de seguida é descrito de forma breve como o RF-/TIMBER AWC considera os fatores individuais.

Factors Calculated by Program

C_L – Beam Stability Factor

It depends on the geometry and lateral support of the member as described in Section 3.3.3 [1]. Este fator é calculado automaticamente no RF-/TIMBER.

Note: the effective length, le, used to calculate C_L is defined by the user in the "Effective Length" section of RF-/TIMBER AWC. The "Acc. to Table 3.3.3" option with the appropriate loading case must be selected.

A figura abaixo apresenta o caso de carga que se aplica a este exemplo.

Comprimento efetivo para o fatorC L

C_F – Size Factor

It depends on the depth and thickness of the member as specified in Section 4.3.6 [1]. Este fator é determinado automaticamente no RF-/TIMBER AWC.

C_fu – Flat Use Factor

It accounts for weak axis bending of the member as specified in Section 4.3.7 [1]. Este fator é calculado automaticamente no RF-/TIMBER AWC.

C_P – Column Stability Factor

It depends on the geometry, end fixity conditions, and lateral support of the member as described in Section 3.7.1 [1]. When a compression member is fully supported throughout its length, C_P = 1.0. This factor is automatically calculated in RF-/TIMBER AWC for both strong and weak axis directions.

Fatores definidos pela entrada do utilizador

C_D – Load Duration Factor

It accounts for various loading periods based on the load case, such as dead, snow, and wind, based on Section 4.3.2 [1]. Selecionar "ASCE 7-16 NDS (Madeira)" como norma no RFEM ativa a opção de duração da carga na caixa de diálogo Casos de carga. The load duration class (Permanent, Ten Years, and so on) default setting is based on the "Action Category" of the load case. Esta configuração pode ser ajustada pelo utilizador no RFEM ou no RF-TIMBER AWC. The value selected by the program is based on Table 2.3.2 [1].

C_M – Wet Service Factor

It accounts for the moisture service conditions of the member as specified in Section 4.1.4 [1]. O utilizador pode selecionar "molhado" ou "seco" na secção 'Condições de utilização' do RF-/TIMBER AWC.

C_t – Temperature Factor

It accounts for exposure to elevated temperatures of up to 100 degrees F, 100 to 125, and 125 to 150 as described in Section 2.3.3 [1]. The user can select between the three temperature ranges in the "In-Service Conditions" section of RF-/TIMBER AWC. The value selected by the program is based on Table 2.3.3 of [1].

C_i – Incising Factor

It accounts for the loss of the area from the small incisions made in the member to receive preservative treatment for decay prevention as described in Section 4.3.8 [1]. The user can select "Not Incised" or "Incised" in the "Additional Design Parameters" section of RF-/TIMBER AWC.

C_r – Repetitive Member Factor

It is used when multiple members act compositely to properly distribute a load amongst themselves as described in Section 4.3.9 [1]. C_r = 1.15 for members that meet the criteria of being closely spaced and connected by a sheathing or equivalent. The user can select "Not Repetitive" or "Repetitive" in the "Additional Design Parameters" section of RF-/TIMBER AWC.

Atenção: If necessary, code-based values of the user input adjustment factors can be changed in the "Standard" option.

Opção para fatores de ajuste

Factors Excluded in Program

C_T – Buckling Stiffness Factor

It accounts for the contribution of plywood sheathing to the buckling resistance of compression truss chords as specified in Section 4.4.2 [1]. Este fator é utilizado para aumentar a E_mín da barra. C_T can be manually calculated as per <nobr>Equation 4.4-1 [1]</nobr> or conservatively taken as 1.0.

C_b – Bearing Area Factor

It is used to increase the compression design values (F_cp) for concentrated loads applied perpendicular to the grain as specified in Section 3.10.4 [1]. C_b can be manually calculated per equation 3.10-2 [1] or conservatively taken as 1.0.

Actual Stress in Beam-Column

Neste exemplo, a combinação de cargas foi simplificada para CO1: DL + SL + WL.

• Tensão de compressão de cargas de permanente e neve, f_c = 171 psi
• Tensão de flexão no eixo forte da carga de vento, f_bx = f_b1 = 353 psi
• Tensão de flexão no eixo fraco de cargas permanentes e de neve, f_by = f_b2 = 1029 psi

Determination of Adjusted Design Values as per NDS 2018 Table 4.3.1 ASD Method

• Critical Buckling Design Value for Compression Member in Strong Axis, F_cEx:
  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cEx}} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cE}1} = \frac{0.822 · {\mathrm{E}}_{\min }\text{'}}{{\left[{\displaystyle \frac{{\mathrm{l}}_{\mathrm{e}1}}{{\mathrm{d}}_1}}\right]}^2}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cEx}} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cE}1} = \frac{0.822 · 510,000 \mathrm{psi}}{{\left[{\displaystyle \frac{36.0 \mathrm{in}}{3.5 \mathrm{in}}}\right]}^2}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cEx}} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cE}1} = 3,963 \mathrm{psi}$$

  FcEx	Critical buckling design value for the compression member in the major axis, psi
  Emin'	= Emin ⋅ CM ⋅ CT ⋅ Ci = 510,000 psi
  le1	Effective length = 36.0 in
  d1	Member depth = 3.5 in

  Valor de cálculo da encurvadura crítica para barra comprimida no eixo maior, FcEx
• Critical Buckling Design Value for Compression Member in Weak Axis, F_cEy:
  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cEy}} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cE}2} = \frac{0.822 · {\mathrm{E}}_{\min }\text{'}}{{\left[{\displaystyle \frac{{\mathrm{l}}_{\mathrm{e}2}}{{\mathrm{d}}_2}}\right]}^2}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cEy}} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cE}2} = \frac{0.822 · 510,000 \mathrm{psi}}{{\left[{\displaystyle \frac{36.0 \mathrm{in}}{1.5 \mathrm{in}}}\right]}^2}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cEy}} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cE}2} = 728 \mathrm{psi}$$

  FcEy	Critical buckling design value for the compression member in the minor axis, psi
  Emin'	= Emin ⋅ CM ⋅ CT ⋅ Ci = 510,000 psi
  le2	Effective length = 36.0 in
  d2	Member thickness = 1.5 in

  Valor de cálculo da encurvadura crítica para barra comprimida no eixo menor, FcEy
• Adjusted Compressive Design Value Parallel to Grain, F_c':
  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{'} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cy}}\text{'} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{c}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{D}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{M}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{t}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{F}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{i}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{P}}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{'} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cy}}\text{'} = 1,450 \mathrm{psi} · 1.6 · 1.0 · 1.0 · 1.0 · 1.0 · 0.29$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{'} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{cy}}\text{'} = 673 \mathrm{psi}$$

  Fc'	Adjusted compressive design value parallel to the grain, psi
  Fc	Reference compressive design values parallel to the grain, psi
  CD	Load duration factor
  CM	Wet service factor
  Ct	Temperature factor
  CF	Size factor
  Ci	Incising factor
  CP	Column stability factor

  Valor de cálculo à compressão ajustado paralelo às fibras, Fc'
• Critical Buckling Design Value for Bending Member, F_bE:
  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{bE}} = \frac{1.20 · {\mathrm{E}}_{\min }\text{'}}{{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{B}}}^2}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{bE}} = \frac{1.20 · 510,000 \mathrm{psi}}{{9.65}^2}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{bE}} = 6,577 \mathrm{psi}$$

  FbE	Critical buckling design value for the bending member, psi
  Emin'	= Emin ⋅ CM ⋅ CT ⋅ Ci = 510,000 psi
  RB	Slenderness ratio = 9.65 < 50 (NDS Equation 3.3-5)

  Valor de cálculo da encurvadura crítico para a barra fletida, FbE
• Adjusted Strong Axis Bending Design Value, F_bx':
  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{bx}}\text{'}= {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{b}1} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{b}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{D}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{M}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{L}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{t}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{F}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{i}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{r}}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{bx}}\text{'}= {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{b}1} = 1,100 \mathrm{psi} · 1.6 · 1.0 · 0.982 · 1.0 · 1.0 · 1.0 · 1.0$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{bx}}\text{'}= {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{b}1} = 1,729 \mathrm{psi}$$

  Fbx'	Adjusted major axis bending design value, psi
  Fb	Reference bending design value, psi
  CD	Load duration factor
  CM	Wet service factor
  CL	Beam stability factor
  Ct	Temperature factor
  CF	Size factor
  Ci	Incising factor
  Cr	Repetitive member factor

  Valor de cálculo ajustado da flexão do eixo principal, Fbx'
• Adjusted Weak Axis Bending Design Value, F_by':
  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{by}}\text{'} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{b}2} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{b}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{D}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{M}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{L}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{t}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{fu}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{F}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{i}} · {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{r}}$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{by}}\text{'} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{b}2} = 1,100 \mathrm{psi} · 1.6 · 1.0 · 1.0 · 1.0 · 1.1 · 1.0 · 1.0 · 1.0$$

  $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{by}}\text{'} = {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{b}2} = 1,936 \mathrm{psi}$$

  Fby'	Adjusted minor axis bending design value, psi
  Fb	Reference bending design value, psi
  CD	Load duration factor
  CM	Wet service factor
  CL	Beam stability factor
  Ct	Temperature factor
  Cfu	Flat use factor
  CF	Size factor
  Ci	Incising factor
  Cr	Repetitive member factor

  Valor de cálculo da flexão do eixo menor ajustado, Fby'
• Relação de cálculo combinada de flexão biaxial e compressão axial

Inserting the actual stresses and limiting design values presented above into NDS equation 3.9-3 [1], the final design ratio is shown below.

And NDS equation 3.9-4 [1],

Resultados no RF-/TIMBER AWC

O utilizador pode comparar cada fator de ajuste e valor de cálculo ajustado do método de cálculo manual analítico com o resumo de resultados no RF-/TIMBER AWC. Como apresentado, os resultados são idênticos. The controlling final design ratio = 0.98 is based on the geometrically linear analysis (1^st degree) calculation method. Keep in mind that the default setting in RFEM for the load combination is set to the second-order analysis. This will result in a slightly larger design ratio = 1.03. The user has the option to choose which method listed in the "Calculation Parameters" is best for the structure.

relação de cálculo

• Visualizador 3D | Google
• Visualizador 3D | Babylon
• Realidade virtual

Pilar de viga de madeira

KB 001714 | Dimensionamento de pilares-vigas de madeira segundo a NDS 2018 com o módulo RF-/TIMBER AWC