| fy | Specified yield strength for nonprestressed reinforcement |
| ψr | Factor used to modify development length based on confining reinforcement |
| λ | Modification factor to reflect the reduced mechanical properties of lightweight concrete relative to normal weight concrete of the same compressive strength |
| f'c | Compressive strength |
| db | Nominal diameter of bar, wire, or prestressing strand |
(a) Development Length
Development Length
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