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2026-05-28

Kelvin-Voigt Element

Constitutive equation of a Kelvin-Voigt element and the time-dependent strain over time (creep) at constant stress.

σ=E⋅ε+η⋅ε˙⇒ε(t)=σ0E1−e−Eηt

σ

Stress

E

Modulus of elasticity

ε

Strain

η

Dynamic viscosity

ε˙

Strain rate

t

Time

σ0

Initial stress

e

Euler's number
;