Empirical determination of the skin friction according to Franz Tschuchnigg (Tschuchnigg, F. (2012). 3D Finite Element Modelling of Deep Foundations Employing an Embedded Pile Formulation. Thesis. Technical University of Graz.) with additional recommended adjustment factor for implementation in RFEM.
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Shear modulus of the in-situ soil (from Poisson's ratio and modulus of elasticity; modulus of elasticity for nonlinear material model: simple (for example, Mohr-Coulomb) initial load Eprim or higher-order (for example, hardening soil) Eur~5 x E(50),prim) |
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Γs |
Adjustment factor for the pile shaft (empirical; recommended: 1) |
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Δs |
Initial value of the skin friction (empirical; recommended value: 0) |
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fs,RF |
Adjustment factor RFEM (recommended value: 1) |