Answer:
Please check to see if the structure cracks due to the pure load. It is possible that the increase in deformations is caused mainly by creeping and shrinkage, which are not active at time 0. The nonlinear calculation considers the shrinkage as a strain load, which may cause additional stresses.
Question
I am calculating deformations at time 0 and at time infinite. The deformations at time infinite seem plausible. The deformations at time 0 seem significantly smaller and thus implausible. Why?
Do you have any questions?
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This article deals with rectilinear elements of which the cross-section is subjected to axial compressive force. The purpose of this article is to show how very many parameters defined in the Eurocodes for concrete column calculation are considered in the RFEM structural analysis software.
RF-CONCRETE Members also includes the design of a shear joint. In order to perform this design, you should select the "Shear joint available" check box in Window 1.6, Shear Joint tab.
The reinforced concrete design for fire situations is carried out according to the simplified method based on EN 1992-1-2, Clause 4.2. The "zone method" described in Annex B.2 is used: The cross-section is subdivided into a number of parallel zones of equal thickness, and their temperature-dependent compressive strength is determined. The reduced load-bearing capacity in the event of fire exposure is thus represented by a reduced structural component's cross-section with reduced strengths.
In the case of using slow‑curing concrete (usually for thick components), you can reduce the calculated minimum reinforcement by a factor of 0.85 to apply the load due to restraint, according to EN 1992‑1‑1, Section 7.3.2. However, a precondition for reduction is that the characteristic value of the strength development r = fcm2 / fcm28 does not exceed 0.3. Other key requirements for the application of this reinforcement reduction are specified explicitly in the final planning documents.
The reinforcement proposal from RF-/CONCRETE Members can be exported to Revit. The rectangular and circular cross-sections are currently supported.
The reinforcement bars can be modified retroactively in Revit.
- Automatic import of internal forces from RFEM
- Ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state design
- The module extension EC2 for RFEM enables the design of reinforced concrete members according to EN 1992‑1‑1:2004 (Eurocode 2) and the following National Annexes:
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DIN EN 1992-1-1/NA/A1:2015-12 (Germany) -
ÖNORM B 1992-1-1:2018-01 (Austria) -
NBN EN 1992-1-1 ANB:2010 (Belgium) -
BDS EN 1992-1-1:2005/NA:2011 (Bulgaria) -
EN 1992-1-1 DK NA:2013 (Denmark) -
NF EN 1992-1-1/NA:2016-03 (France) -
SFS EN 1992-1-1/NA:2007-10 (Finland) -
UNI EN 1992-1-1/NA:2007-07 (Italy) -
LVS EN 1992-1-1:2005/NA:2014 (Latvia) -
LST EN 1992-1-1:2005/NA:2011 (Lithuania) -
MS EN 1992-1-1:2010 (Malaysia) -
NEN-EN 1992-1-1+C2:2011/NB:2016 (Netherlands) -
NS EN 1992-1 -1:2004-NA:2008 (Norway) -
PN EN 1992-1-1/NA:2010 (Poland) -
NP EN 1992-1-1/NA:2010-02 (Portugal) -
SR EN 1992-1-1:2004/NA:2008 (Romania) -
SS EN 1992-1-1/NA:2008 (Sweden) -
SS EN 1992-1-1/NA:2008-06 (Singapore) -
STN EN 1992-1-1/NA:2008-06 (Slovakia) -
SIST EN 1992-1-1:2005/A101:2006 (Slovenia) -
UNE EN 1992-1-1/NA:2013 (Spain) -
CSN EN 1992-1-1/NA:2016-05 (Czech Republic) -
BS EN 1992-1-1:2004/NA:2005 (United Kingdom) -
TKP EN 1992-1-1:2009 (Belarus) -
CYS EN 1992-1-1:2004/NA:2009 (Cyprus)
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- In addition to the National Annexes (NA) listed above, you can also define a specific NA, applying user‑defined limit values and parameters.
- Flexibility due to detailed setting options for basis and extent of calculations
- Fast and clear results output for an immediate overview of the result distribution after the design
- Graphical results output integrated in RFEM; for example, required reinforcement
- Numerical results clearly arranged in tables and graphical display of the results in the model
- Complete integration of results in the RFEM printout report
- Free definition of two or three reinforcement layers in the ultimate limit state
- Vectorial representation of the main stress directions of internal forces allowing optimal orientation adjustment of the third reinforcement layer to the actions
- Design alternatives to avoid compression or shear reinforcement
- Design of surfaces as deep beams (theory of membranes)
- Option to define basic reinforcements for top and bottom reinforcement layers
- Definition of designed reinforcement for serviceability limit state design
- Result output in points of any selected grid
- Optional extension of the module with nonlinear deformation analysis. The calculation is performed in RF‑CONCRETE Deflect by reducing the stiffness according to the standard, or in RF‑CONCRETE NL by the general nonlinear calculation determining the stiffness reduction in an iterative process.
- Design with design moments at column edges
- Precise breakdown of reasons for failed design
- Design details of all design locations for better traceability of reinforcement determination
- Export of isolines for the longitudinal reinforcement in a DXF file for further use in CAD programs as a basis for reinforcement drawings
- Determination of longitudinal, shear, and torsional reinforcement
- Representation of minimum and compression reinforcement
- Determination of neutral axis depth, concrete and steel strains
- Design of member sections affected by bending about two axes
- Design of tapered members
- Determination of deformation in state II, for example according to EN 1992-1-1, 7.4.3
- Considering tension stiffening
- Considering creep and shrinkage
- Precise breakdown of reasons for failed design
- Design details of all design locations for better traceability of reinforcement determination
- Options to optimize cross‑sections
- Visualization of concrete section with reinforcement in 3D rendering
- Output of complete steel schedule
- Fire resistance design according to the simplified method (zone method) according to EN 1992‑1‑2 for rectangular and circular cross‑sections
- Optional extension of the RF‑CONCRETE Members add‑on module with a nonlinear calculation of frameworks for the ultimate and serviceability limit states. The extension enables the design of potentially unstable structural components by means of a nonlinear calculation, or a nonlinear deformation analysis of 3D frameworks. Find more information under the product description of the RF-CONCRETE NL add‑on module.
What is the maximum number of reinforcement groups that can be created in a design case in RF‑CONCRETE Surfaces?
In RF‑CONCRETE Surfaces, I obtain a high amount of reinforcement in relation to a lever arm that is almost zero. How is such a small lever arm of internal forces created?
When converting from the manual definition of reinforcement areas to the automatic arrangement of reinforcement according to Window 1.4, the result of the deformation calculation differs, although the basic reinforcement has not been modified. What is the reason for this change?
Why do I get a discontinuous area in the distribution of internal forces? In the area of the supported line, the shear force VEd shows a jump, which does not seem plausible.
Is it possible to perform design without an additional reinforcement in RF‑CONCRETE Surfaces?
I obtain different results when comparing the deformation analysis in the RF‑CONCRETE add-on modules and another calculation program. What could be the reason for this?
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