Consideration of Eccentric Wheel Load Application for Weld Design in ULS
Knowledge Base
Knowledge Base
Knowledge Base
Knowledge Base
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- Craneway and weld stress analysis
- Craneways and weld fatigue design
- Deformation,
- Plate buckling analysis for wheel load introduction
- Stability analysis for lateral torsional buckling according to the second-order analysis of torsional buckling (1D FEA element)
For the design according to Eurocode 3, the following National Annexes are available:
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DIN EN 1993-6/NA:2010-12 (Germany) -
NBN EN 1993-6/ANB:2011-03 (Belgium) -
SFS EN 1993-6/NA:2010-03 (Finland) -
NF EN 1993-6/NA:2011-12 (France) -
UNI EN 1993-6/NA:2011-02 (Italy) -
LST EN 1993-6/NA:2010-12 (Lithuania) -
NEN EN 1993-6/NB:2012-05 (Netherlands) -
NS EN 1993-6/NA:2010-01 (Norway) -
SS EN 1993-6/NA:2011-04 (Sweden) -
CSN EN 1993-6/NA:2010-03 (Czech Republic) -
BS EN 1993-6/NA:2009-11 (United Kingdom) -
CYS EN 1993-6/NA:2009-03 (Cyprus)
In addition to the National Annexes listed above, you can also define a specific NA, applying user-defined limit values and parameters.
All results are arranged in result windows sorted by different topics. The design values are illustrated in the corresponding cross-section graphic. The design details cover all intermediate values.
General Stress Analysis
CRANEWAY performs the general stress analysis of a craneway girder by calculating the existing stresses and comparing them with the limit normal, limit shear, and limit equivalent stresses. Welds are also subjected to the general stress analysis with regard to parallel and vertical shear stresses and their superposition.
Fatigue Design
Fatigue design is performed for up to three cranes operating at the same time, based on the nominal stress concept according to EN 1993-1-9. In the case of fatigue design according to DIN 4132, a stress curve of crane passages is recorded for each stress point and evaluated according to the Rainflow method.
Buckling Analysis
Buckling analysis considers the local introduction of wheel loads according to the EN 1993-6 or DIN 18800-3 standards.
Deformation,
Deformation analysis is performed separately for the vertical and horizontal directions. The available related displacements are compared to the allowable values. You can specify the allowable deformation ratios individually in the calculation parameters.
Lateral-torsional buckling analysis
The lateral-torsional buckling analysis is performed in accordance with the second-order analysis for torsional buckling considering imperfections. The general stress analysis has to be fulfilled with the critical load factor greater than 1.00. As a result, CRANEWAY displays the corresponding critical load factor for all load combinations of the stress analysis.
Support forces
The program determines all support forces on the basis of the characteristic loads, including dynamic factors.
During the calculation, crane loads are generated in predefined distances as load cases of the crane runway. The load increment for cranes moving across the crane runway can be set individually.
The program analyzes all combinations of the respective limit states (ULS, fatigue, deformation, and support forces) for each crane position. In addition, there are comprehensive setting options for specification of the FE calculation, such as length of finite elements or break-off criteria.
The internal forces of a crane runway girder are calculated on an imperfect structural model according to the second-order analysis for torsional buckling.
Geometry, material, cross-section, action, and imperfection data are entered in clearly arranged input windows:
Geometry
- Quick and convenient data input
- Definition of support conditions based on various support types (hinged, hinged movable, rigid, and user-defined, as well as lateral on upper or bottom flange)
- Optional specification of warping restraint
- Variable arrangement of rigid and deformable support stiffeners
- Possibility to insert hinges
CRANEWAY Cross-Sections
- I-shaped rolled cross-sections (I, IPE, IPEa, IPEo, IPEv, HE-B, HE-A, HE-AA, HL, HE-M, HE, HD, HP, IPB-S, IPB-SB, W, UB, UC, and other cross-sections according to AISC, ARBED, British Steel, Gost, TU, JIS, YB, GB, and others) combinable with section stiffener on the upper flange (angles or channels) as well as rail (SA, SF) or splice with user-defined dimensions
- Unsymmetrical I-sections (type IU) also combinable with stiffeners on the upper flange as well as with rail or splice
Actions
It is possible to consider the actions of up to three simultaneously operated cranes. You can simply select a standard crane from the library. You can also enter data manually:
- Number of cranes and crane axles (maximum of 20 axles per crane), center distances, position of crane buffers
- Classification in damage classes with editable dynamic factors according to EN 1993-6, and in lifting classes and exposure categories according to DIN 4132
- Vertical and horizontal wheel loads from self-weight, hoist load, mass forces from drive, as well as loads from skewing
- Axial loading in driving direction as well as buffer forces with user-defined eccentricities
- Permanent and variable secondary loads with user-defined eccentricities
Imperfections
- The imperfection load applies in compliance with the first natural vibration mode - either identically for all load combinations to be designed, or individually for each load combination, as mode shapes may vary depending on the load.
- Convenient tools available for scaling the mode shapes (rise determination of inclination and precamber).
Main Program
The new generation of 3D FEA software is used for the structural analysis of members, surfaces, and solids.
Add-On
The Steel Design add-on performs the ultimate and serviceability limit state design checks of steel members according to various standards.
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Add-On
The Steel Joints add-on for RFEM allows you to analyze steel connections using an FE model. The FE model is generated automatically in the background and can be controlled via the simple and familiar input of components.
Add-On
The Nonlinear Material Behavior add-on allows you to consider material nonlinearities in RFEM for example, isotropic plastic, orthotropic plastic, isotropic damage).
Add-On
The Structure Stability add-on performs stability analysis of structures. It determines critical load factors and the corresponding stability modes.
Add-On
The Torsional Warping (7 DOF) add-on allows you to consider cross-section warping as an additional degree of freedom when calculating members.
Add-On
The Modal Analysis add-on allows for the calculation of eigenvalues, natural frequencies, and natural periods for member, surface, and solid models.
Add-On
The Response Spectrum Analysis add-on performs seismic analysis using multi-modal response spectrum analysis. The spectra required for this can be created in compliance with the standards or can be user-defined. The equivalent static forces are generated from them. The add-on includes an extensive library of accelerograms from seismic zones that can be used to generate the response spectra.
Add-On
Using the Pushover Analysis add-on, you can analyze the seismic actions on a particular building, and thus assess whether the building can withstand an earthquake.
Add-On
The Stress-Strain Analysis add-on performs general stress analysis by calculating the existing stresses and comparing them with the limit stresses.
Add-On
The two-part Optimization & Costs / CO2 Emission Estimation add-on finds suitable parameters for parameterized models and blocks via the artificial intelligence (AI) technique of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for compliance with common optimization criteria. Furthermore, this add-on estimates the model costs or CO2 emissions by specifying unit costs or emissions per material definition for the structural model.
Main Program
The modern 3D structural analysis and design program is suitable for the structural and dynamic analysis of beam structures as well as the design of concrete, steel, timber, and other materials.
Add-On
The Steel Design add-on performs the ultimate and serviceability limit state design checks of steel members according to various standards.
Add-On
The Structure Stability add-on performs the stability analysis of structures. It determines critical load factors and the corresponding stability modes.
Add-On
The Torsional Warping (7 DOF) add-on allows for considering cross-section warping as an additional degree of freedom when calculating members.
Add-On
The Modal Analysis add-on allows for the calculation of eigenvalues, natural frequencies, and natural periods for member, surface, and solid models.
Add-On
The Response Spectrum Analysis add-on performs seismic analysis using the multi-modal response spectrum analysis. The spectra required for this can be created in compliance with the standards or can be user-defined. The equivalent static forces are generated from them. The add-on includes an extensive library of accelerograms from seismic zones that can be used to generate response spectra.
Add-On
Earthquakes may have a significant impact on the deformation behavior of buildings. A pushover analysis allows you to analyze the deformation behavior of buildings and compare them with seismic actions. Using the Pushover Analysis add-on, you can analyze the seismic actions on a particular building, and thus assess whether the building can withstand the earthquake.
Add-On
The Stress-Strain Analysis add-on performs a general stress analysis by calculating the existing stresses and comparing them to the limit stresses.
Add-On
The two-part Optimization & Costs / CO2 Emission Estimation add-on finds suitable parameters for parameterized models and blocks via the artificial intelligence (AI) technique of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for compliance with common optimization criteria. Furthermore, this add-on estimates the model costs or CO2 emissions by specifying unit costs or emissions per material definition for the structural model.