Answer:
In the standard, MEd < MN,Rd is specified under Equation (6.31). However, this condition does not describe the design ratio of the cross-section. Therefore, we have applied Equation (6.36), which describes the determination of MN,Rd, to Equation (6.31) (right side), and rearranged it in such a way that you can display the ratio against 1.
Since this equation does not appear in this form in the standard, it is marked with an *.