Answer:
Yes, this is possible using the clipping box. It can be defined either via the "Insert" menu bar or the Data navigator under Guide Objects (right-click/double-click the clipping box); see the image.
In the "New Clipping Box" or "Edit Clipping Box" dialog box, you can define the origin, dimensions, and reference coordinate system.
Of course, you can also define any number of clipping boxes. These are then listed. To activate a clipping box, click the "OK and Set Active" button in the dialog box, or use the shortcut menu: Right-click the clipping box in the Data navigator → Clipping Box on/off.
Only one clipping box can be active.