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If a canopy roof (for example, a filling station roof) should be designed, a load determination with regard to Section 7.3 of EN 1991-1-4 is required. This article shows the design of a slightly inclined troughed roof, with an example.
Using RF-CONCRETE Members, concrete column design is possible according to ACI 318-14. Accurately designing concrete column shear and longitudinal reinforcement is important for safety considerations. The following article will confirm the reinforcement design in RF-CONCRETE Members using step-by-step analytical equations as per the ACI 318-14 standard, including required longitudinal steel reinforcement, gross cross-sectional area, and tie size/spacing.
In Germany, DIN EN 1991-1-4 with the National Annex DIN EN 1991-1-4/NA regulates the wind loads. The standard applies to civil engineering works up to an altitude of 300 m.
- 001530
- Modeling | Loading
- RFEM 5
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- RSTAB 8
- RX-TIMBER Glued-Laminated Beam 2
- RX-TIMBER Roof 2
- RX-TIMBER Continuous Beam 2
- RX-TIMBER Purlin 2
- RX-TIMBER Frame 2
- RX-TIMBER Column 2
- RX-TIMBER Brace 2
- Buildings
- Concrete Structures
- Steel Structures
- Timber Structures
- Process Manufacturing Plants
- Temporary Structures
- Structural Analysis & Design
- Eurocode 1
- Eurocode 0
In Germany, DIN EN 1991-1-3 with National Annex DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA regulates snow loads. The standard applies to civil engineering works at altitudes of up to 1,500 m above sea level.
DIN EN 1998-1 with the National Annex DIN EN 1998-1/NA specifies how to determine seismic loads. The standard applies to structural engineering in seismic areas.
For crane runways with large spans, the horizontal load from skewing is often relevant for the design. This article describes the origin of these forces and the correct input in CRANEWAY. The practical implementation and the theoretical background are discussed.
In accordance with Sec. 6.6.3.1.1 and Sec. 10.14.1.2 of ACI 318-14 and CSA A23.3-14, respectively, RFEM effectively takes into consideration concrete member and surface stiffness reduction for various element types. Available selection types include cracked and uncracked walls, flat plates and slabs, beams, and columns. The multiplier factors available within the program are taken directly from Table 6.6.3.1.1(a) and Table 10.14.1.2.
In addition to the basic combination rules of EN 1990, there are other combination conditions for actions on road bridges specified in EN 1991‑2 that must be taken into account. RFEM and RSTAB provide automatic combinatorics that can be activated in the General Data when selecting the standard EN 1990 + EN 1991‑2. The partial safety factors and combination coefficients depending on the action category are preset when selecting the respective National Annex.
- 001541
- Results
- RFEM 5
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- RF-DYNAM Pro | Natural Vibrations 5
- RF-DYNAM Pro | Equivalent Loads 5
- RF-DYNAM Pro | Forced Vibrations 5
- RSTAB 8
- DYNAM Pro | Natural Vibrations 8
- DYNAM Pro | Equivalent Loads 8
- Concrete Structures
- Steel Structures
- Timber Structures
- Process Manufacturing Plants
- Power Plants
- Buildings
- Dynamic and Seismic Analysis
- ASCE 7
RFEM offers the option to perform a response spectrum analysis according to ASCE 7-16. This standard describes the determination of seismic loads for the American market. It might happen that the P-Delta effect has to be considered due to the stiffness of the entire structure in order to calculate the internal forces and carry out the design.
In the existing standard, there were no regulations for the distribution of snow loads for elevated solar thermal and photovoltaic systems on roofs. Only distribution of the loads was advised. It was only with the National Annex DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA: 2019-04 that specific regulations were made for this.