Art Project "Solhjul" in Give, Denmark
Customer Project
In May 2015, the art project "Solhjul" (in English: sun wheel) by the artist Bo Karberg was officially opened. The 12m‑high wheel is located on the center island of a traffic circle in Give, Denmark. It is now the new symbol of the town.
| Structural Engineering |
Schmidt Nielsen ApS Ingenieurbüro für Baustatik FRI Odense, Denmark www.schmidtnielsen.dk |
| Artist |
Bo Karberg Klippinge, Denmark www.bokarberg.dk |
| Investor |
Foreningen Skulpturby Give, Denmark www.skulpturby.dk |
Model
Inspiration
When creating the artwork, the artist Bo Karberg was inspired by a 5,000-year old disk wheel. It was found in 1948 in Pilkmosen near Give. The disk wheel is considered as the oldest wheel in Europe and is located in the Danish National Museum in Copenhagen.
Construction
The outer ring of the "sun wheel" is made of steel, covered with a GRP shell, and the inner grid consists of prestressed stainless steel tension bars. Glass plates are integrated into the grid structure, similar to the glass pyramid of the Louvre in Paris.
The diameter of the wheel is 11.0 m. On the bottom side, the wheel is fixed in a foundation with the following dimensions: w x h x d = 4.0 m x 7.0 m x 2.5 m.
The inner grid consists of a total of 7,405 parts - round steel bars with a diameter from 12 to 40 mm.
The sculpture was funded by the EU, the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark as well as by a broad range of individuals and companies.
Engineer Martin Schmidt-Nielsen says: “The art project "Solhjul" was designed with the programs RSTAB and RFEM. The great Dlubal support contributed to the success.”
See more information about the sculpture on www.solhjul.dk.
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Calculation Option 2D/3D for Laminated Glass
For designing glass in the RF‑GLASS add‑on module, you can use one of two calculation methods: a 2D or a 3D calculation. The main difference of these design options is the automatic modeling of the layers in a temporary model. In a 2D calculation, each layer is generated as a surface element (plate theory), in a 3D calculation as a solid. Depending on the selected layer composition, you can either select an option or will find it preselected by the program.
SHAPE-THIN determines the effective cross-sections according to EN 1993-1-3 and EN 1993-1-5 for cold-formed sections. You can optionally check the geometric conditions for the applicability of the standard specified in EN 1993‑1‑3, Section 5.2.
The effects of local plate buckling are considered according to the method of reduced widths and the possible buckling of stiffeners (instability) is considered for stiffened sections according to EN 1993-1-3, Section 5.5.
As an option, you can perform an iterative calculation to optimize the effective cross-section.
You can display the effective cross-sections graphically.
Read more about designing cold-formed sections with SHAPE-THIN and RF-/STEEL Cold-Formed Sections in this technical article: Design of a Thin-Walled, Cold-Formed C-Section According to EN 1993-1-3.
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Structural engineering software for finite element analysis (FEA) of planar and spatial structural systems consisting of plates, walls, shells, members (beams), solids and contact elements
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Stress analysis of steel surfaces and members
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