A recent project was the design of a temporary seating grandstand with a 660-person capacity, manufactured by CETA SPA, an Italian company from Bergamo. The structure included 11 inclined rows, a front area aisle, two staircases, and a frame system assembled with pipes and standard connections.
Studio Rota Nodari
Via M. Zanchi 85,
24022 Bergamo, Italy
Axial Forces Due to Wind Loads (© Studio Rota Nodari)
Roofed Grandstand
Number of Nodes | 2604 |
Number of Lines | 5188 |
Number of Members | 5188 |
Number of Surfaces | 17 |
Number of Load Cases | 4 |
Number of Load Combinations | 20 |
Number of Result Combinations | 4 |
Total Weight | 13.525 tons |
Dimensions | 122.38 x 44.62 x 30.84 feet |
Program Version | 5.21.02 |
The member hinge nonlinearity "Scaffolding N | phiy,phiz" allows you to simulate an inserted scaffolding tube joint.
The design of cold-formed steel members according to the AISI S100-16 / CSA S136-16 is available in RFEM 6. Design can be accessed by selecting “AISC 360” or “CSA S16” as the standard in the Steel Design Add-on. “AISI S100” or “CSA S136” is then automatically selected for the cold-formed design.
RFEM applies the Direct Strength Method (DSM) to calculate the elastic buckling load of the member. The Direct Strength Method offers two types of solutions, numerical (Finite Strip Method) and analytical (Specification). The FSM signature curve and buckling shapes can be viewed under Sections.
The member hinge nonlinearities "Scaffolding - N phiy / phiz" and "Scaffolding Diagram" enable the mechanical simulation of a tube joint with an inner stub between two member elements.
The equivalent model transfers the bending moment via the overpressed outer pipe and after positive locking additionally via the inner stub, depending on the compression state at the member end.
Various design parameters of the cross-sections can be adjusted in the serviceability limit state configuration. The applied cross-section condition for the deformation and crack width analysis can be controlled there.
For this, the following settings can be activated:
- Crack state calculated from associated load
- Crack state determined as an envelope from all SLS design situations
- Cracked state of cross-section - independent of load