Wind loads can be automatically generated as member loads or area loads on the following structural components (optional with internal pressure for open buildings):
- Vertical walls
- Flat roofs
- Monopitch roofs
- Duopitch/troughed roofs
- Vertical walls with roof
The following standards are available:
-
EN 1991-1-3 (incl. National Annexes)
-
DIN 1055-4
-
CTE DB-SE-AE
-
ASCE/SEI 7-16
SHAPE-THIN determines the section properties and stresses of any open, closed, built-up, or non-connected cross-sections.
- Section Properties
- Cross-sectional area A
- Shear areas Ay, Az, Au, and Av
- Centroid position yS, zS
- moments of area 2 degrees Iy, Iz, Iyz, Iu, Iv, Ip, Ip,M
- Radii of gyration iy, iz, iyz, iu, iv, ip, ip,M
- Inclination of principal axes α
- Cross-section weight G
- Cross-section perimeter U
- torsional constants of area degrees IT, IT,St.Venant, IT,Bredt, IT,s
- Location of the shear center yM, zM
- Warping constants Iω,S, Iω,M or Iω,D for lateral restraint
- Max/min section moduli Sy, Sz, Su, Sv, Sω,M with locations
- Section ranges ru, rv, rM,u, rM,v
- Reduction factor λM
- Plastic Cross-Section Properties
- Axial force Npl,d
- Shear forces Vpl,y,d, Vpl,z,d, Vpl,u,d, Vpl,v,d
- Bending moments Mpl,y,d, Mpl,z,d, Mpl,u,d, Mpl,v,d
- Section moduli Zy, Zz, Zu, Zv
- Shear areas Apl,y, Apl,z, Apl,u, Apl,v
- Position of area bisecting axes fu, fv,
- Display of the inertia ellipse
- First moments of area Qu, Qv, Qy, Qz with location of maxima and specification of shear flow
- Warping coordinates ωM
- moments of area (warping areas) Sω,M
- Cell areas Am of closed cross-sections
- Normal stresses σx due to axial force, bending moments, and warping bimoment
- Shear stresses τ from shear forces as well as primary and secondary torsional moments
- Equivalent stresses σv with customizable factor for shear stresses
- Stress ratios, related to limit stresses
- Stresses for element edges or center lines
- Weld stresses in fillet welds
- Section properties of non-connected cross-sections (cores of high-rise buildings, composite sections)
- Shear wall shear forces due to bending and torsion
- Plastic capacity design with determination of the enlargement factor αpl
- Check of the c/t-ratios following the design methods el-el, el-pl or pl-pl according to DIN 18800
Wind loads can be automatically generated as member loads on the following structural components (optional with internal pressure for open buildings):
- Vertical walls
- Flat roofs
- Monopitch roofs
- Duopitch/troughed roofs
- Vertical walls with roof
The following standards are available:
-
EN 1991-1-3 (incl. National Annexes)
-
DIN 1055-4
-
CTE DB-SE-AE
-
ASCE/SEI 7-16
The snow load generator can generate snow loads as member loads or surface loads.
Additional snow loads such as drifted snow loads, snow overhangs, and snow guards can be taken into account as well.
The following standards are available:
-
EN 1991-1-3 (incl. National Annexes)
-
DIN 1055-5
-
CTE DB-SE-AE
-
ASCE/SEI 7-16
All results can be evaluated and visualized in an appealing numerical and graphical form. Selection functions facilitate the targeted evaluation.
The printout report corresponds to the high standards of RFEM and rstab/rstab-9/what-is-rstab RSTAB. Modifications are updated automatically.
Snow loads can be generated as member loads on flat/monopitch roofs and duopitch roofs.
Additional snow loads such as drifted snow loads, snow overhangs, and snow guards can be taken into account as well.
The following standards are available:
-
EN 1991-1-3 (incl. National Annexes)
-
DIN 1055-5
-
CTE DB-SE-AE
-
ASCE/SEI 7-16
SHAPE-THIN calculates all relevant cross‑section properties, including plastic limit internal forces. Overlapping areas are set close to reality. If cross-sections consist of different materials, SHAPE‑THIN determines the effective cross‑section properties with respect to the reference material.
In addition to the elastic stress analysis, you can perform the plastic design including interaction of internal forces for any cross‑section shape. The plastic interaction design is carried out according to the Simplex Method. You can select the yield hypothesis according to Tresca or von Mises.
SHAPE-THIN performs a cross-section classification according to EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1999-1-1. For steel cross-sections of cross-section class 4, the program determines effective widths for unstiffened or stiffened buckling panels according to EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-5. For aluminum cross-sections of cross-section class 4, the program calculates effective thicknesses according to EN 1999-1-1.
Optionally, SHAPE‑THIN checks the limit c/t-values in compliance with the design methods el‑el, el‑pl, or pl‑pl according to DIN 18800. The c/t-zones of elements connected in the same direction are recognized automatically.
Utilize all the options of the 'Edit Load Cases and Combinations' dialog box to facilitate your work. Here you can automatically create load and result combinations after selecting the corresponding combination expressions. In this clearly arranged dialog box, you can also e.g. to copy, add, or renumber load cases.
Additionally, control the load cases and combinations in Tables 2.1 – 2.6.
The design of cold-formed steel members according to the AISI S100-16 / CSA S136-16 is available in RFEM 6. Design can be accessed by selecting “AISC 360” or “CSA S16” as the standard in the Steel Design Add-on. “AISI S100” or “CSA S136” is then automatically selected for the cold-formed design.
RFEM applies the Direct Strength Method (DSM) to calculate the elastic buckling load of the member. The Direct Strength Method offers two types of solutions, numerical (Finite Strip Method) and analytical (Specification). The FSM signature curve and buckling shapes can be viewed under Sections.
The Base Data dialog box includes a wide range of standards and the option to create combinations automatically. The following standards are available:
-
EN 1990:2002
-
EN 1990 + EN 1995:2004 (Timber)
-
EN 1990 + EN 1991-2; Road bridges
-
EN 1990 + EN 1991-3; Cranes
-
EN 1990 + EN 1997
-
to DIN 1055-100:2001-03
-
DIN 1055-100 + DIN 1052:2004-08 (timber)
-
DIN 1055-100 + DIN 18008 (Glass)
-
DIN 1052 (simplified) (timber)
-
DIN 18800:1990
-
ASCE 7‑10
-
ASCE 7-10 NDS (Wood)
-
ACI 318-14
-
IBC 2015
-
CAN/CSA S 16.1-94:1994
-
NBCC: 2005
-
NBR 8681
-
IS 800:2007
-
SIA 260:2003
-
SIA 260 + SIA 265:2003 (timber)
-
BS 5950-1:2000
-
GB 50009-2012
-
CTE DB-SE
For the European standards (EC), the following National Annexes are available:
-
DIN EN 1990/NA:2009-05 (Germany)
-
NBN EN 1990 - ANB: 2005 (Belgium)
-
BDS EN 1990:2003/NA:2008 (Bulgaria)
-
DK EN 1990/NA:2007-07 (Denmark)
-
SFS EN 1990/NA:2005 (Finland)
-
NF EN 1990/NA:2005/12 (France)
-
ELOT EN 1990:2009 (Greece)
-
UNI EN 1990/NA:2007-07 (Italy)
-
IS EN 1990:2002 + NA:2010 (Ireland)
-
LVS EN 1990:2003/NA:2010 (Latvia)
-
LST EN 1990/NA:2010-11 (Lithuania)
-
LU EN 1990/NA:2011-09 (Luxembourg)
-
MS EN 1990:2010 (Malaysia)
-
NEN EN 1990/NA:2006 (Netherlands)
- NS EN 1990/NA:2008 (Norway)
-
ÖNORM EN 1990:2007-02 (Austria)
-
NP EN 1990:2009 (Portugal)
-
PN EN 1990/NA:2004 (Poland)
-
SR EN 1990/NA:2006-10 (Romania)
-
SIST EN 1990: 2004/A1:2005 (Slovenia)
-
SS EN 1990:2008 (Singapore)
-
SS EN 1990/BFS 2010:28 (Sweden)
-
STN EN 1990/NA:2009-08 (Slovakia)
-
UNE EN 1990 2003 (Spain)
-
CSN EN 1990/NA:2004-03 (Czech Republic)
-
BS EN 1990/NA:2004-12 (the United Kingdom)
-
TKP EN 1990/NA:2011 (Belarus)
-
CYS EN 1990:2002 (Cyprus)
Did you use the eigenvalue solver of the add-on to determine the critical load factor within the stability analysis? In this case, you can then display the governing mode shape of the object to be designed as a result.
The Aluminum Design add-on provides you with further options. Here you can also design general cross-sections that are not predefined in the cross-section library. For example, create a cross-section in the RSECTION program and then import it into RFEM/RSTAB. Depending on the design standard used, you can select from various design formats. This includes, for example, the equivalent stress analysis.
With a license for RSECTION and Effective Sections, you can also perform the design checks while taking into account the effective cross-section properties according to EN 1993‑1‑5.
SHAPE-THIN includes an extensive library of rolled and parameterized cross-sections. They can be composed or supplemented by new elements. It is possible to model a section consisting of different materials.
Graphical tools and functions allow for modeling complex section shapes in the usual way common for CAD programs. The graphical entry provides the option of setting point elements, fillet welds, arcs, parameterized rectangular and circular sections, ellipses, elliptical arcs, parabolas, hyperbolas, spline, and NURBS. Alternatively, it is possible to import a DXF file that is used as the basis for further modeling. You can also use guidelines for modeling.
Furthermore, parameterized input allows you to enter model and load data in a specific way so they depend on certain variables.
Elements can be divided or attached to other objects graphically. SHAPE-THIN automatically divides the elements and provides for an uninterrupted shear flow by introducing dummy elements. In the case of dummy elements, you can define a specific thickness to control the shear transfer.
Wind loads are also not a problem in your design. You can automatically generate wind loads as member loads or area loads (RFEM) on the following structural components:
- Vertical walls
- Flat roofs
- Monopitch roofs
- Duopitch/troughed roofs
- Vertical walls with duopitch roof
- Vertical walls with flat/monopitch roof
The following standards are available to you:
-
EN 1991-1-4 (including National Annexes)
-
ASCE 7
-
CTE DB-SE-AE
-
GB 50009
Do your structures also have to withstand snowfall? Use the Snow Load Wizard to generate snow loads as member loads or surface loads.
The following standards are available:
-
EN 1991-1-3 (incl. National Annexes)
-
ASCE 7
-
NBC
-
SIA 261
-
CTE DB-SE-AE
-
GB 50009
-
IS 875
- Stability analyses for flexural buckling, torsional buckling, and flexural-torsional buckling under compression
- Lateral-torsional buckling analysis of the structural components subjected to moment loading
- Import of the effective lengths from the calculation using the Structure Stability add-on
- Graphical input and check of the defined nodal supports and effective lengths for stability analysis
- Depending on the standard, a choice between user-defined input of Mcr, analytical method from the standard, and use of internal eigenvalue solver
- Consideration of a shear panel and a rotational restraint when using the eigenvalue solver
- Graphical display of a mode shape if the eigenvalue solver was used
- Stability analysis of structural components with the combined compression and bending stress, depending on the design standard
- Comprehensible calculation of all necessary coefficients, such as interaction factors
- Alternative consideration of all effects for the stability analysis when determining internal forces in RFEM/RSTAB (second-order analysis, imperfections, stiffness reduction, possibly in combination with the Torsional Warping (7 DOF) add-on)
- Modeling of the cross-section via elements, sections, arcs, and point elements
- Expansible library of material properties, yield strengths, and limit stresses
- Section properties of open, closed, or non-connected cross-sections
- Ideal section properties of cross-sections consisting of different materials
- Determination of weld stresses in fillet welds
- Stress analysis including design of primary and secondary torsion
- Check of c/t-ratios
- Effective cross-sections according to
- EN 1993-1-5 (including stiffened buckling panels according to Section 4.5)
-
EN 1993-1-3
-
EN 1999-1-1
-
to DIN 18800-2
- Classification according to
-
EN 1993-1-1
-
EN 1999-1-1
-
- Interface with MS Excel to import and export tables
- Printout report
The first result window shows the maximum design ratios with the corresponding design for each designed load case and combination.
The other windows show all detailed results sorted by specific topics. It is possible to display all intermediate results of each location along the members. In this way, you can easily retrace how the module has performed the individual designs.
The complete module data are part of the RFEM/RSTAB printout report. You can select the report contents and extent specifically for the individual designs.
The data specified in RFEM/RSTAB concerning material, loads, and load combinations must comply with the design concept of the Eurocode. The RFEM/RSTAB material library already contains the relevant materials. Furthermore, RFEM/RSTAB allows for automatic creation of load and result combinations in accordance with the Eurocode. It is also possible to create the combinations manually.
In the RF-/ALUMINUM add-on module, you must first select the members and sets of members to be designed, as well as the load cases, load combinations, and result combinations. In the subsequent input windows, you can adjust preset definitions of lateral intermediate supports and effective lengths.
When using continuous members, you can define individual support conditions and eccentricities for each intermediate node of the single members. A special FEA tool determines the critical loads and moments required for the stability analysis.
The Torsional Warping (7 DOF) add-on allows you to perform the calculation of member structures in RFEM and RSTAB, taking into account the cross-section warping. You can consider all internal forces (N, Vu, Vv, Mt,pri, Mt,sec, Mu, Mv, Mω) determined in this way in the equivalent stress analysis of the aluminum design. Please Note: This feature is not yet available for the design standard ADM 2020.
- Design of tension, compression, bending, shear, and combined internal forces
- Stability analysis for flexural buckling, torsional buckling, and lateral-torsional buckling
- Automatic determination of critical buckling loads and critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling by means of integrated FEA program (eigenvalue analysis) from boundary conditions of loads and supports
- Optional application of discrete lateral supports to beams
- Automatic or manual cross-section classification
- Integration of parameters from National Annexes (NA) of the following countries:
-
DIN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2010-12 (Germany)
-
NBN EN 1999-1-1/ANB:2011-03 (Belgium)
-
DK EN 1999-1-1/NA:2013-05 (Denmark)
-
SFS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2016-12 (Finland)
-
ELOT EN 1999-1-1/NA:2010-11 (Greece)
-
IS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2010-03 (Ireland)
-
UNI EN 1999-1-1/NA:2011-02 (Italy)
-
LST EN 1999-1-1/NA:2011-09 (Lithuania)
-
UNI EN 1999-1-1/NA:2011-02 (Italy)
-
NEN EN 1999-1-1/NB:2011-12 (Netherlands)
-
PN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2011-01 (Poland)
-
SS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2011-04 (Sweden)
-
STN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2010-01 (Slovakia)
-
BS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2009 (the United Kingdom)
-
STN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2009-02 (Slovakia)
-
CYS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2009-07 (Cyprus)
-
- Serviceability limit state design for characteristic, frequent, or quasi-permanent design situation
- Consideration of transverse welds
- Variety of cross-sections provided; for example, I‑sections, C‑sections, rectangular hollow sections, square sections, angles with equal and unequal legs, flat steel, round bars
- Clearly arranged result tables
- Automatic cross-section optimization
- Detailed result documentation with references to the design equations used and described in the standard
- Filter and sorting options for results, including result lists by member, cross‑section, and x‑location, or by load cases, load combinations, and result combinations
- Result window of member slenderness and governing internal forces
- Parts list with weight and solid specifications
- Seamless integration in RFEM/RSTAB
- Metric and imperial units
With Dlubal, you can safely and easily design structures all over the world. Select from a large number of standards in the Base Data. You can also decide whether to create the combinations automatically.
The following standards are available:
-
EN 1990
-
EN 1990 | Timber
-
EN 1990 | Road Bridges
-
EN 1990 | Cranes
-
EN 1990 | Geotechnical Engineering
-
EN 1990 | Base + Timber
-
EN 15512
-
ASCE 7
-
ASCE 7 | Timber
-
ACI 318
-
IBC
-
CAN/CSA
-
NBC
-
NBC | Timber
-
NBR 8681
-
IS 800
-
SIA 260
-
SIA 260 | Timber
-
BS 5950
-
GB 50009
-
GB 50068
-
GB 50011
-
CTE DB-SE
-
SANS 10160-1
-
NTC
-
NTC | Timber
-
AS/NZS 1170.0
-
SP 20.13330:2016
-
TSC | Steel
For the European standards (EC), the following National Annexes are available:
-
DIN | 2012-08 (Germany)
-
CEN | 2010-04 (European Union)
-
BDS | 2013-03 (Bulgaria)
-
BS | 2009-06 (United Kingdom)
-
CSN | 2015-05 (Czech Republic)
-
CYS | 2010-06 (Cyprus)
-
DK | 2013-09 (Denmark)
-
ELOT | 2009-01 (Greece)
-
EVS-EN 1990:2002+NA:2002 (Estonia)
-
IS | 2010-04 (Ireland)
-
LST | 2012-01 (Lithuania)
-
LU | 2020-03 (Luxembourg)
-
LVS | 2015-01 (Latvia)
-
MS | 2010-02 (Malaysia)
-
NBN | 2015-05 (Belgium)
-
NEN | 2011-12 (Netherlands)
-
NF | 2011-12 (France)
-
NP | 2009-12 (Portugal)
-
NS | 2016-05 (Norway)
-
ÖNORM | 2013-03 (Austria)
-
PN | 2010-09 (Poland)
-
SFS | 2010-09 (Finland)
-
SIST | 2010-08 (Slovenia)
-
SR | 2006-10 (Romania)
-
SS | 2008-06 (Singapore)
-
SS | 2019-01 (Sweden)
-
STN | 2010-01 (Slovakia)
-
TKP | 2011-11 (Belarus)
-
UNE | 2010-07 (Spain)
-
UNI | 2010-10 (Italy)
It is necessary to enter material, load, and combination data in RFEM/RSTAB in compliance with the design concept specified by GB 50017. The RFEM/RSTAB material library already contains the relevant materials.
The RF-/STEEL GB add-on module requires members and sets of members, as well as load cases, load combinations, and result combinations to be designed.
In the subsequent input windows, you can adjust preset definitions of lateral intermediate supports and effective lengths. This setting is then used by the program to determine the critical loads and moments required for the stability analysis in these situations.
You know for sure that when connecting tension-loaded components with bolted connections, you need to consider the cross-section reduction due to the bolt holes in the ultimate limit state design. The structural analysis programs also have a solution for this. In the Aluminum Design add-on, you can enter a member local section reduction for this. Enter the reduction of the cross-section as an absolute value or as a percentage of the total area at all relevant locations.
Was your design successful? Very good, now comes the relaxed part. Because the program gives you the performed design checks in a table. You can display all result details in detail here. The clearly presented design formulas ensure that you will be able to understand the results without any problems. There is no black-box effect with Dlubal Software.
The design checks are carried out at all governing locations of the members and displayed graphically as a result diagram. You can find more detailed graphics in the result output. This includes the stress distribution on the cross-section or the governing mode shape, for example.
All input and result data are part of the RFEM/RSTAB printout report. You can select the report contents and extent specifically for the individual design checks.
For the design according to Eurocode 9, you find the parameters of the National Annexes (NA) integrated for the following countries:
-
DIN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2021-03 (Germany)
-
ÖNORM EN 1999-1-1/NA:2017-11 (Austria)
-
SN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2015-01 (Switzerland)
-
BDS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-05 (Bulgaria)
-
BS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-03 (United Kingdom)
-
CEN 1999-1-1/2013-12 (European Union)
-
CYS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2019-08 (Cyprus)
-
CZE EN 1999-1-1/NA:2015-09 (Czech Republic)
-
DS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2019-09 (Denmark)
-
ELOT EN 1999-1-1/NA:2013-12 (Greece)
-
EVS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-01 (Estonia)
-
HRN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2015-02 (Croatia)
-
I S. EN 1999-1-1/NA:2015-01 (Ireland)
-
ILNAS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2013-12 (Luxembourg)
-
IST EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-03 (Iceland)
-
LST EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-03 (Lithuania)
-
LVS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2015-01 (Latvia)
-
MSZ EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-04 (Hungary)
-
NBN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-01 (Belgium)
-
NEN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-01 (Netherlands)
-
NF EN 1999-1-1/NA:2016-07 (France)
-
NP EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-11 (Portugal)
-
NS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-04 (Norway)
-
PN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-05 (Poland)
-
SFS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2018-01 (Finland)
-
SIST EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-05 (Slovenia)
-
SR EN 1999-1-1/NA:2015-01 (Romania)
-
SS EN 1999-1-1/NA:2013-12 (Sweden)
-
STN EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-05 (Slovakia)
-
TKP EN 1999-1-1/NA:2010-01 (Belarus)
-
UNE EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-01 (Spain)
-
UNI EN 1999-1-1/NA:2014-02 (Italy)
The first window shows the maximum design ratios including the corresponding design of each designed load case, load combination, or result combination.
The other result windows list all detailed results sorted by specific subject in extendable tree menus. All intermediate results along the members can be displayed at any location. In this way, you can easily retrace how the module has performed the individual designs.
The complete module data are part of the RFEM/RSTAB printout report. You can select the report contents and extent specifically for the individual designs.
- Design of tension, compression, bending, shear, and combined internal forces
- Stability analysis for flexural buckling and lateral-torsional buckling
- Automatic determination of critical buckling loads and overall stability factors for lateral-torsional buckling according to Annex B
- Optional application of discrete lateral supports to beams
- Automatic local stability analysis and check of plastic design criteria of a cross-section
- Deformation analysis (serviceability)
- Cross-section optimization
- Wide range of cross-sections available, such as rolled I-sections, channel sections, rectangular hollow sections, angles, T-sections. Welded sections: I-shaped (symmetrical and asymmetrical about major axis), channel sections (symmetrical about major axis), rectangular hollow sections (symmetrical and asymmetrical about major axis), angles, round pipes, and round bars
- Clearly arranged result tables
- Detailed result documentation including references to design equations of the used standard
- Various filter and sorting options of results, including result lists by member, cross-sections, x-location, or by load case, load and result combination
- Result table of member slenderness and governing internal forces
- Parts list with weight and solid specifications
- Seamless integration in RFEM/RSTAB
In the "Load Cases & Combinations" dialog box, you have an option to automatically generate load and result combinations as soon as you have selected the corresponding combination expressions. For example, you can also copy or add load cases in a clearly arranged window.
Furthermore, you can manage the load cases and combinations in the tables.
You can find the design checks displayed in tables in the Aluminum Design add-on. Moreover, you can display the distribution of the design ratios graphically. Extensive filter options are available for you both in the table as well as in the graphical output. You can thus specifically display the desired design checks by limit state or design type in the program.