How do I define temperature loads on a composite beam?

The Temperature load case is very important in composite structures. A distinction is made between the load cases of top warming (due to concreting) and bottom warming. Since it is necessary to specify the temperature change here, the load is defined as Delta T. A composite beam is often modeled by using an eccentric member coupled to a surface. In this case, the temperature difference between these two elements (a surface and a member) must be divided.

The load on the member is defined as the member load with the temperature difference times the member height, divided by the total height of the composite cross-section ($\triangle T\times\frac{h_s}{h_g}$). If the top fibers of the member are colder than the bottom, the value must be defined as negative.