For calculation diagrams, you can use the "2D | Hinge" diagram type. These hinge diagrams show the hinge response of load situations for nonlinear hinges.
For calculations with several load situations, such as the case with the pushover analysis and time history analysis, you can evaluate the hinge condition in each load step.
The Time History Analysis add-on provides you with accelerograms for the calculation. This extension allows for dynamic structural analysis of the acceleration-time diagrams.
There is an extensive library of earthquake records available for you, but you can also enter or import your own diagrams. The time history analysis is performed using the modal analysis or the linear implicit Newmark analysis.
The "2D | Story" calculation diagram type is used to create result diagrams via the building axis. This allows you to easily analyze the behavior of the entire building under static and dynamic effects.
You can use this diagram type, for example, to visualize the seismic force over the building height.
- Analysis of time diagrams and accelerograms (acceleration-time diagrams exciting the supports of a structure)
- Combination of user-defined time diagrams with nodal, member, and surface loads, as well as free and generated loads
- Combination of several independent excitation functions
- Linear implicit Newmark analysis or modal analysis in time history
- Structural damping using Raleigh damping coefficients or Lehr's damping value
- Graphical display of results in calculation diagrams
- Result display in individual time steps or as an envelope during the entire time period
- Extensive library of seismic events (accelerograms)
It is necessary to enter the required force-time diagrams. They can be combined in load cases or load combinations of the type Time History Analysis | Time Diagrams with the loading in order to define where and in which direction the force-time diagrams act.
The second option is to enter acceleration-time diagrams, which can be used in the load cases of the Time History Analysis | Accelerogram type.
All calculation parameters are specified in the time history analysis settings. These include, for example, the type of analysis method and the maximum calculation time.
As soon as the program has completed the calculation, the summary of the results is listed. All result windows are integrated in the main program RFEM/RSTAB. You will find all the results arranged in tables; they can be displayed for each individual time step or as an envelope, and you also have the option of displaying the results graphically as well as animating them.
The results from the time history analysis can be displayed in the calculation diagrams. All the results are shown as a function of time. You can export the numeric values to MS Excel.
All result tables and graphics are part of the RFEM/RSTAB printout report. In this way, you can ensure clearly arranged documentation. You can also export the tables to MS Excel.
Do you want to create calculation diagrams? With RFEM and RSTAB, this works globally and without any problems. Create and organize your calculation diagrams directly in the Navigator - Data or via the menu Insert → Calculation Diagrams.
Use calculation diagrams to record and display a relation between the various calculation results.
It is also possible to superimpose similar diagrams.
Are you ready for the evaluation? Use the calculation diagrams, which show the distribution of a specific result during the calculation.
You can freely define the layout of the vertical and horizontal axes of the calculation diagram. This allows you, for example, to consider the settlement distribution of a certain node, depending on the load.
You can find the serviceability limit state design checks in the result tables of the Aluminum Design add-on. They are already fully integrated there. You have the option to display the design results with all the details at each location of the designed members. You can also use graphics with the result diagrams of the design ratios.
You can integrate all result tables and graphics into the global printout report of RFEM/RSTAB as a part of the aluminum design results. RFEM/RSTAB also allows you to display and document the deformations of the entire structure independently of the add-on.
Was your design successful? Very good, now comes the relaxed part. Because the program gives you the performed design checks in a table. You can display all result details in detail here. The clearly presented design formulas ensure that you will be able to understand the results without any problems. There is no black-box effect with Dlubal Software.
The design checks are carried out at all governing locations of the members and displayed graphically as a result diagram. You can find more detailed graphics in the result output. This includes the stress distribution on the cross-section or the governing mode shape, for example.
All input and result data are part of the RFEM/RSTAB printout report. You can select the report contents and extent specifically for the individual design checks.
RFEM allows you to use a special line hinge to model the special properties of the connection between the reinforced concrete slab and masonry wall. This limits the transferable forces of the connection depending on the specified geometry. You guess right: This means that the material cannot be overloaded.
The program develops interaction diagrams that are applied automatically. They represent the various geometric situations and you can use them to determine the correct stiffness.
If your design is successful, the relaxed part of your work follows. Because the program does many processes for you. For example, the performed design checks are displayed in a table. It shows you all the result details. Due to the clearly presented design formulas, you will be able to understand the results without any problems. There is no "black box" effect here.
The design checks are carried out at all governing locations of the members and displayed graphically as a result diagram. Furthermore, detailed graphics, such as the stress distribution on a cross-section or the governing mode shape, are available for you in the result output.
All input and result data are part of the RFEM/RSTAB printout report. You can select the report contents and extent specifically for the individual design checks.
You find the serviceability limit state design fully integrated in the result tables of the Timber Design add-on. If yuo want to check the design results, you can open the program and display the results with all the details at each location of the designed members. Furthermore, graphics are available for you with the result diagrams of the design ratios.
A special thing is that All result tables and graphics can be integrated into the global printout report of RFEM/RSTAB as a part of the timber design results. You can also display and document the deformations of the entire structure as a part of the RFEM/RSTAB functionality. This function is independent of the add-on.
You can find the serviceability limit state design checks in the result tables of the Steel Design add-on. You can display the design results with all the details at each location of the designed members. Furthermore, graphics are available for you with the result diagrams of the design ratios. This gives you a good overview.
You can also integrate all result tables and graphics into the global printout report of RFEM/RSTAB as a part of the steel design results. Thus, you can display and document the deformations of the entire structure as a part of the RFEM/RSTAB functionality independent of the add-on.
- Manual specification of critical component temperature or automatic determination of component temperature for desired duration
- A wide range of fire curves: standard temperature-time curve, external fire curve, hydrocarbon curve
- Manual adjustment of the essential coefficients for the determination of the steel temperature
- Consideration of hot-dip galvanizing of structural components for the determination of the steel temperature
- Results of a temperature-time diagram for the gas and steel temperature
- Fire protection cladding as a contour or a box cladding with temperature-independent materials can be considered when determining the temperature
- Design of members made of carbon steel or stainless steel
- Cross-section design checks and stability analyses (equivalent member method) according to EN 1993‑1‑2, Clause 4.2.3
- Design checks of the cross-sections of Class 4 according to EN 1993‑1‑2, Annex E.
After completing the design, the Dlubal Software presents the fire resistance design checks clearly and with all result details. This makes the results comprehensible in detail. Furthermore, the results also contain all the parameters required for the determination of the component temperature at the design time.
You can also specifically evaluate the temperature distribution in the structural component using the temperature-time diagram.
All result tables and graphics, including the ultimate and serviceability limit state results, can be integrated into the global printout report of RFEM/RSTAB as a part of the steel design results.
The governing component temperature at the time of analysis can be determined for the fire resistance design automatically using the input. In this case, you can follow the temperature curve in detail as a function of timeby displaying the temperature-time diagram.
Did you know? In contrast to other material models, the stress-strain diagram for this material model is not antimetric to the origin. You can use this material model to simulate the behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete, for example. Find detailed information about modeling steel fiber-reinforced concrete in the technical article about Determining the material properties of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete.
In this material model, the isotropic stiffness is reduced with a scalar damage parameter. This damage parameter is determined from the stress curve defined in the Diagram. The direction of the principal stresses is not taken into account. Rather, the damage occurs in the direction of the equivalent strain, which also covers the third direction perpendicular to the plane. The tension and compression area of the stress tensor is treated separately. In this case, different damage parameters apply.
The "Reference element size" controls how the strain in the crack area is scaled to the length of the element. With the default value zero, no scaling is performed. Thus, the material behavior of the steel fiber concrete is modeled realistically.
Find more information about the theoretical background of the "Isotropic Damage" material model in the technical article describing the Nonlinear Material Model Damage.
Reinforced concrete usually answers the question "How much can you carry?" simply with "Yes". Nevertheless, you need a three-dimensional moment-moment-axial force interaction diagram for the graphical output of the ultimate limit state of reinforced concrete cross-sections. The Dlubal structural analysis software offers you just that.
With the additional display of the load action, you can easily recognize or visualize whether the limit resistance of a reinforced concrete cross-section is exceeded. Since you can control the diagram properties, you can customize the appearance of the My-Mz-N diagram to suit your needs.
Did you know that you can also display the moment-axial force interaction diagrams (M‑N diagrams) graphically? This allows you to display the cross-section resistance in the case of an interaction of a bending moment and an axial force. In addition to the interaction diagrams related to the cross-section axes (My‑N diagram and Mz‑N diagram), you can also generate an individual moment vector to create an Mres‑N interaction diagram. You can display the section plane of the M‑N diagrams in the 3D interaction diagram. The program displays the corresponding value pairs of the ultimate limit state in a table. The table is dynamically linked to the diagram so that the selected limit point is also displayed in the diagram.
Do you want to determine the biaxial bending resistance of a reinforced concrete cross-section? For this, you have to activate a moment-moment interaction diagram (My-Mz diagram) first. This My-Mz diagram represents a horizontal section through the three-dimensional diagram for the specified axial force N. Due to the coupling to the 3D interaction diagram, you can also visualize the section plane there.
Depending on the axial force N, you can generate a moment curvature line for any moment vector. The program also shows you the value pairs of the displayed diagram in a table. Furthermore, you can activate the secant stiffness and tangent stiffness of the reinforced concrete cross-section, belonging to the moment curvature diagram, as an additional diagram.
- Calculation of stationary incompressible turbulent wind flow using the SimpleFOAM solver from the OpenFOAM® software package
- Numerical scheme according to the first and second order
- Turbulence models RAS k-ω and RAS k-ε
- Consideration of surface roughness depending on model zones
- Model design via VTP, STL, OBJ, and IFC files
- Operation via bidirectional interface of RFEM or RSTAB for importing model geometries with standard-based wind loads and exporting wind load cases with probe-based printout report tables
- Intuitive model changes via drag & drop and graphical adjustment assistance
- Generation of a shrink-wrap mesh envelope around the model geometry
- Consideration of environmental objects (buildings, terrain, and so on)
- Height-dependent description of the wind load (wind speed and turbulence intensity)
- Automatic meshing depending on a selected depth of detail
- Consideration of layer meshes near the model surfaces
- Parallelized calculation with optimal utilization of all processor cores of a computer
- Graphical output of the surface results on the model surfaces (surface pressure, Cp coefficients)
- Graphical output of the flow field and vector results (pressure field, velocity field, turbulence – k-ω field, and turbulence – k-ε field, velocity vectors) on Clipper/Slicer planes
- Display of 3D wind flow via animated streamline graphics
- Definition of point and line probes
- Multilingual user interface (German, English, Czech, Spanish, French, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, and Chinese)
- Calculations of several models in one batch process
- Generator for creating rotated models to simulate different wind directions
- Optional interruption and continuation of the calculation
- Individual color panel per result graphic
- Display of diagrams with separate output of results on both sides of a surface
- Output of the dimensionless wall distance y+ in the mesh inspector details for the simplified model mesh
- Determination of the shear stress on the model surface from the flow around the model
- Calculation with an alternative convergence criterion (you can select between the residual types pressure or flow resistance in the simulation parameters)
- Calculation of transient incompressible turbulent wind flow with the BlueDyMSolver solver
- LES SpalartAllmarasDDES turbulence model
- Consideration of stationary solution as initial state for transient calculation
- Automatic determination of analysis period and time steps
- Use of intermediate results during the calculation
- Organized display of time-varying results via time step units
- Diagram of drag force and point probe results over analysis time
- Display of line probe results for any time steps in a diagram
- Freely adjustable wind permeability for surfaces (Go to Product Feature)
By solving the numerical flow problem, you can obtain the following results on and around the model:
- Pressure on structure surface
- Coefficient Cp distribution on the structure surfaces
- Pressure field about the structure geometry
- Velocity field about the structure geometry
- Turbulence k-ω field about the structure geometry
- Turbulence k-ε field about the structure geometry
- Velocity vectors about the structure geometry
- Streamlines about the structure geometry
- Forces on member-shaped structures that were originally generated from member elements
- Convergence diagram
- Direction and size of the flow resistance of the defined structures
Despite this amount of information, RWIND 2 remains clearly arranged, as is typical for the Dlubal programs. You can specify freely definable zones for a graphic evaluation. Voluminously displayed flow results about the structure geometry are often confusing – you know the problem for sure. That's why RWIND Basic provides freely movable section planes for the separate display of the "solid results" in a plane. For the 3D branched streamline result, you have an option to select between a static and an animated display in the form of moving line segments or particles. This option helps you to represent the wind flow as a dynamic effect.
You can export all results as a picture or, especially for the animated results, as a video.
Discover the new features in the result diagram window:
- Parallel work in the result diagram window and in the model
- Optional overlapping display of results (for example, several similar structural components in one image)
Also in this case, RSTAB will certainly convince you. With the powerful calculation kernel, its optimized networking and support of multi-core processor technology, the Dlubal structural analysis program is far ahead. This allows you to calculate more linear load cases and load combinations using several processors in parallel without using additional memory. The stiffness matrix only has to be created once. Thus, it is possible for you to calculate even large systems with the fast and direct solver.
Do you have to calculate multiple load combinations in your models? The program initiates several solvers in parallel (one per core). Each solver then calculates a load combination for you. This leads to better utilization of the cores.
You can systematically follow the development of the deformation displayed in a diagram during the calculation, and thus precisely evaluate the convergence behavior.
The Concrete Design add-on combines all CONCRETE add-on modules from RFEM 5 / RSTAB 8. Compared to these add-on modules, the following new features have been added to the Concrete Design add-on for RFEM 6 / RSTAB 9:
- Input of design-relevant specifications (effective lengths, durability, reinforcement directions, surface reinforcement) directly in the RFEM or RSTAB model
- Extensive input options for longitudinal and transverse reinforcement of members
- Detailed intermediate results for the design with specification of the equations of the applied standard for better traceability of the calculation
- New interaction diagram with interactive graphic for N, M, and M + N from cross-section design incl. output of the secant and tangent stiffness
- Design of the defined reinforcement in the ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state incl. graphical output of the design ratio for the respective component
- Automatic check of the defined reinforcement with regard to the construction or general reinforcement rules for reinforced member and surface components
- Cross-section design optionally with net values of the concrete section
- Design according to the Russian standard SP 63.13330
- 002110
- General
- Optimization & Cost / CO2 Emission Estimation for RFEM 6
- Optimization & Cost / CO2 Emission Estimation for RSTAB 9
There are two methods that you can use for the optimization process, with which you can find optimal parameter values according to a weight or deformation criterion.
The most efficient method with the littlest calculation time is the near-natural particle swarm optimization (PSO). Have you heard or read about it? This artificial intelligence (AI) technology has a strong analogy to the behavior of flocks of animals, looking for a resting place. In such swarms, you can find many individuals (cf. optimization solution - for example, weight) who like to stay in a group and follow the group movement. Let's assume that each individual swarm member has a need to rest at an optimal resting place (cf. best solution - for example, lowest weight). This need increases as the resting place is approached. Thus, the swarm behavior is also influenced by the properties of the space (cf. result diagram).
Why the excursion into biology? Quite simply – the PSO process in RFEM or RSTAB proceeds in a similar way. The calculation run starts with an optimization result from a random assignment of the parameters to be optimized. It repeatedly determines new optimization results with varied parameter values, which are based on the experience of the previously performed model mutations. The process continues until the specified number of possible model mutations is reached.
As an alternative to this method, the program also offers you a batch processing method. This method attempts to check all possible model mutations by randomly specifying the values for the optimization parameters until a predetermined number of possible model mutations is reached.
After calculating a model mutation, both variants also check the respective activated design results of the add-ons. Furthermore, they save the variant with the corresponding optimization result and value assignment of the optimization parameters if the utilization is < 1.
You can determine the estimated total costs and emission from the respective sums of the individual materials. The sums of the materials are composed of the weight-based, volume-based, and area-based partial sums of the member, surface, and solid elements.
- Determination of longitudinal, shear, and torsional reinforcement
- Representation of minimum and compression reinforcement
- Determination of neutral axis depth, concrete and steel strains
- Design of member sections affected by bending about two axes
- Design of tapered members
- Design of RSECTION cross-sections (see this Product Feature)
- Determination of deformation in state II; for example, according to EN 1992‑1‑1, 7.4.3, and ACI 318‑19 24.2.3, Table 24.2.3.5
- Considering tension stiffening
- Considering creep and shrinkage
- Fatigue design according to EN 1992‑1‑1, Section 6.8 (see this Product Feature)
- Simplified fire resistance design according to EN 1992‑1‑2 for Columns (Section 5.3.2) and Beams (Section 5.6) (see this Product Feature)
- Seismic design according to EC 8 (see this Product Feature)
- Precise breakdown of reasons for failed design
- Design details of all design locations for better traceability of reinforcement determination
- Optional cross-section optimization
- Visualization of concrete section with reinforcement in 3D rendering
- Creation of 2D interaction diagrams; for example, M-N diagram
- Visualization of section resistance in 3D interaction diagram
- Output of moment-curvature diagram