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According to Clause 6.2.2 (6) of EN 1993‑1‑8:2010‑12, you can apply friction using the friction coefficient to design the shear capacity.
Both the determination of natural vibrations and the response spectrum analysis are always performed on a linear system. If nonlinearities exist in the system, they are linearized and thus not taken into account. They are caused by, for example, tension members, nonlinear supports, or nonlinear hinges. This article shows how you can handle them in a dynamic analysis.
Windbreak structures are special types of fabric structures which protect the environment from harmful chemical particles, abate wind erosion, and help to maintain valuable sources. RFEM and RWIND are used for wind-structure analysis as one-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI).
This article demonstrates how to structural design windbreak structures using RFEM and RWIND.
In RF-STEEL Surfaces, it is possible to display the stresses relevant for the design of welds, for example, according to EN 1993‑1‑8, Figure 4.5. When evaluating the stress components, the local xyz-axis system of the surfaces must be considered.
In SHAPE-THIN, the calculation of stiffened buckling panels can be performed according to Section 4.5 of EN 1993-1-5. For stiffened buckling panels, the effective surfaces due to local buckling of the single panels in the plate and in the stiffeners, as well as the effective surfaces from the entire panel buckling of the stiffened entire panel, have to be considered.
This technical article analyzes the effects of the connection stiffness on the determination of internal forces, as well as the design of connections using the example of a two-story, double-spanned steel frame.
The RF‑/STEEL Warping Torsion module extension of the RF‑/STEEL EC3 add‑on module allows you to design members with asymmetric cross‑sections. The new option is fully integrated in the design module and can be activated for sets of members.
This technical article deals with the stability analysis of a roof purlin, which is connected without stiffeners by means of a bolt connection on the lower flange to have a minimum manufacturing effort.
DIN EN 1998-1 with the National Annex DIN EN 1998-1/NA specifies how to determine seismic loads. The standard applies to structural engineering in seismic areas.
Shell buckling is considered to be the most recent and least explored stability issue of structural engineering. This is due less to a lack of research activities than to the complexity of the theory. With the introduction and further development of the finite element method in structural engineering practice, some engineers no longer have to deal with the complicated theory of shell buckling. Evidence of the problems and errors to which this gives rise is very well summarized in [1].
The elastic deformations of a structural component due to a load are based on Hooke's law, which describes a linear stress-strain relation. They are reversible: After the relief, the component returns to its original shape. However, plastic deformations lead to irreversible deformations. The plastic strains are usually considerably larger than the elastic deformations. For plastic stresses of ductile materials such as steel, yielding effects occur where the increase in deformation is accompanied by hardening. They lead to permanent deformations - and in extreme cases to the destruction of the structural component.
Designing rigid end plate connections is difficult for four-row connection geometries and multi-axis bending stresses, because there are no official design methods.
There are several options for calculating a semi-rigid composite beam. They differ primarily in the type of modeling. Whereas the Gamma method ensures simple modeling, additional efforts are required when using other methods (for example, shear analogy) for the modeling which are, however, offset by the much more flexible application compared to the Gamma method.
- 001545
- Modeling | Structure
- RFEM 5
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- RF-FRAME-JOINT Pro 5
- RF-JOINTS Timber | Timber to Timber 5
- RF-JOINTS Timber | Steel to Timber 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Rigid 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | DSTV 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Pinned 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Tower 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | SIKLA 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Column Base 5
- Steel Structures
- Mechanical Engineering
- Cranes and Craneways
- Towers and Masts
- Process Manufacturing Plants
- Steel Connections
- Finite Element Analysis
- Structural Analysis & Design
- Eurocode 3
- DIN 18800
With RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro, you can design frame joints according to DIN 18800 or Eurocode 3. When dealing with non-standardized joints or when a deeper insight into the connection and its behavior is required, modeling as a surface model is ideal. This article will show, in principle, how this kind of model is created.
RFEM offers the following options to design a pinned end plate connection. First, there is the option in RF-JOINTS Steel - Pinned to enter the corresponding parameters quickly and easily to receive a documented analysis, including graphics. It is also possible to model such a connection individually in RFEM and then to evaluate or manually design the results. In the following example, the particularities of this modeling will be explained and the shear forces of the bolts will be compared to the corresponding results from RF-JOINTS Steel - Pinned.
Lateral-Torsional Buckling (LTB) is a phenomenon that occurs when a beam or structural member is subjected to bending and the compression flange is not sufficiently supported laterally. This leads to a combination of lateral displacement and twisting. It is a critical consideration in the design of structural elements, especially in slender beams and girders.
- 001555
- Modeling | Loading
- RFEM 5
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- RSTAB 8
- RF-TIMBER AWC 5
- TIMBER AWC 8
- RF-TIMBER CSA 5
- TIMBER CSA 8
- RF-TIMBER Pro 5
- TIMBER Pro 8
- RF-JOINTS Timber | Timber to Timber 5
- JOINTS Timber | Timber to Timber 8
- RF-JOINTS Timber | Steel to Timber 5
- JOINTS Timber | Steel to Timber 8
- RF-LIMITS 5
- LIMITS 8
- RF-LAMINATE 5
- Timber Structures
- Laminate and Sandwich Structures
- Structural Analysis & Design
- Finite Element Analysis
- Steel Connections
- Eurocode 0
- Eurocode 5
- ANSI/AISC 360
- SIA 260
- SIA 265
In addition to determining loads, some particularities concerning the load combinatorics in timber design have to be considered. Contrary to steel structures, where the largest loading results from all unfavorable actions, in timber construction, the strength values depend on the load duration and timber humidity. Special characteristics have to be considered as well for the serviceability limit state design. The following article discusses the effects on the design of wooden elements and how this is possible with RSTAB and RFEM.
To be able to evaluate the influence of local stability phenomena of slender structural components, RFEM 6 and RSTAB 9 provide you with the option of performing a linear critical load analysis on the cross-section level. The following article explains the basics of the calculation and the result interpretation.
Very small torsional moments in the members to be designed often prevent certain design formats. In order to neglect them and still perform the designs, you can define a limit value in RF‑/STEEL EC3 from which torsional shear stresses are taken into account.
This technical article presents some basics for using the Torsional Warping add-on (7 DOF). It is fully integrated into the main program and allows you to consider the cross-section warping when calculating member elements. In combination with the Stability Analysis and Steel Design add-ons, it is possible to perform the lateral-torsional buckling design with internal forces according to the second-order analysis, taking imperfections into account.