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RF-/DYNAM Pro - Equivalent Loads allows you to determine the loads due to equivalent seismic loads according to the multi‑modal response spectrum method. In the example shown here, this was done for a multi‑mass oscillator.
- 000487
- Modeling | Structure
- RFEM 5
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- RF-STEEL 5
- RF-STEEL AISC 5
- RF-STEEL AS 5
- RF-STEEL BS 5
- RF-STEEL CSA 5
- RF-STEEL EC3 5
- RF-STEEL GB 5
- RF-STEEL HK 5
- RF-STEEL IS 5
- RF-STEEL NBR 5
- RF-STEEL NTC-DF 5
- RF-STEEL SANS 5
- RF-STEEL SIA 5
- RF-STEEL SP 5
- RF-ALUMINUM 5
- RF-ALUMINUM ADM 5
- RSTAB 8
- STEEL 8
- STEEL AISC 8
- STEEL AS 8
- STEEL BS 8
- STEEL CSA 8
- STEEL EC3 8
- STEEL GB 8
- STEEL HK 8
- STEEL IS 8
- STEEL NBR 8
- STEEL NTC-DF 8
- STEEL SANS 8
- STEEL SIA 8
- STEEL SP 8
- ALUMINUM 8
- ALUMINUM ADM 8
- Steel Structures
- Process Manufacturing Plants
- Stairway Structures
- Structural Analysis & Design
- Eurocode 3
- ANSI/AISC 360
- SIA 263
- IS 800
- BS 5950-1
- GB 50017
- CSA S16
- AS 4100
- SP 16.13330
- SANS 10162-1
- ABNT NBR 800
- ADM
The support conditions of a beam subjected to bending are essential for its resistance to lateral-torsional buckling. If, for example, a single-span beam is held laterally in the middle of the span, the deflection of the compressed flange can be prevented, and a two-wave eigenmode can be enforced. The critical lateral-torsional buckling moment is increased significantly by this additional measure. In the add-on modules for member design, different types of lateral supports on a member can be defined using the "Intermediate supports" input window.
The final results of the designs of members and sets of members in the RF‑/STEEL EC3 add-on module can be displayed graphically in the work window of RFEM and RSTAB. By selecting the corresponding design case in the load case menu, the results contained in it are displayed.
When optimizing cross-sections in the add-on modules, you can also select arbitrarily defined cross-section favorites lists - in addition to the cross-sections from the same cross-section series as the original cross-section.
The classification of cross-sections according to EN 1993‑1‑1 and EN 1993‑1‑5 can be carried out automatically in the RF‑/STEEL EC3 add-on module. The maximum c/t ratios are specified in the standard for straight cross-section parts. There are no normative specifications for curved cross-section parts; therefore, the cross-section classification cannot be performed for these cross-section parts.
When connecting tension-loaded components with bolted connections, the cross-section reduction due to the bolt holes must be taken into account in the ultimate limit state design. This article describes how the design of the tension resistance according to DIN EN 1993‑1‑1 can be performed with the net cross-section area of the tension member in the RF‑/STEEL EC3 add-on module.
In RFEM 5 and RSTAB 8, you can design foundations according to EN 1992‑1‑1 and EN 1997‑1 in the RF‑/FOUNDATION Pro add‑on module.
In the case of open cross-sections, the torsional load is removed mainly via secondary torsion, since the St. Venant torsional stiffness is low compared to the warping stiffness. Therefore, warping stiffeners in the cross-section are particularly interesting for the lateral-torsional buckling analysis, as they can significantly reduce the rotation. For this, end plates or welded stiffeners and sections are suitable.
According to Clause 6.2.2 (6) of EN 1993‑1‑8:2010‑12, you can apply friction using the friction coefficient to design the shear capacity.
The RF‑/STEEL EC3 add-on module automatically transfers the buckling line to be used for the flexural buckling analysis for a cross-section from the cross-section properties. The assignment of the buckling line can be adjusted manually in the module input for general cross-sections in particular, as well as for special cases.
In RF-/FOUNDATION Pro, you can also consider the concrete cover for the foundation according to EN 1992-1-1.
Table 3.1 of EN 1993‑1‑8:2010‑12 defines the nominal values of the yield strength and the ultimate limit strength of bolts. The bolt classes given here are 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 10.9. The note for this table states that the National Annex may exclude certain bolt classes. For the NA of Germany, these are the bolt classes 4.8, 5.8, and 6.8.
The same structures are often needed in several projects, such as the purlin with columns and braces in this example. The dimensions can be changed directly in RFEM or RSTAB by shifting the nodes.
In the RF‑/HSS add‑on module, you can analyze the connections for nodes at which hollow sections join. RF‑/HSS performs the ultimate limit state designs according to EN 1993‑1‑8:2005.
RF-CONCRETE Members for RFEM or CONCRETE for RSTAB propose an automatically created reinforcement to the user if the "Design the provided reinforcement" option is selected in Window 1.6 "Reinforcement".
In RFEM and RSTAB, different graphical representations of the foundation dimensions are available.
In RF‑/FOUNDATION Pro, you now have the option to design a foundation at one or several nodes of the model.
In the default setting, the cross-section class for each member and load case is determined automatically in the design modules. In the input window of the cross sections, however, the user can also specify the cross-section class manually; for example, if local buckling is excluded by the design.
For the stability design of members and sets of members with a uniform cross-section, you can use the equivalent member method according to EN 1993-1-1, 6.3.1 to 6.3.3. However, as soon as a tapered cross-section is available, this method can no longer be used, or only used to a limited extent. The RF-/STEEL EC3 add-on module can automatically recognize these cases and switch to the general method.
In RF-/FOUNDATION Pro, the user can freely select the proportion of the relieving soil pressure by means of the factor kred.
The RF‑/STEEL EC3 add-on module can perform the design of fillet welds for all parametric, welded cross-sections of the cross-section library. For this, the option must be activated in the detail settings of the module. As an alternative, you can also use a surface model for the design.
In EN 1993-1-1, the General Method was introduced as a design format for stability analyses that can be applied to planar systems with arbitrary boundary conditions and variable structural height. The design checks can be performed for loading in the main load-bearing plane and simultaneous compression. The stability cases of lateral-torsional buckling and flexural buckling are analyzed from the main supporting plane; that is, about the weak component axis. Therefore, the issue often arises as to how to design, in this context, flexural buckling in the main load-bearing plane.
Very small torsional moments in the members to be designed often prevent certain design formats. In order to neglect them and still perform the designs, you can define a limit value in RF‑/STEEL EC3 from which torsional shear stresses are taken into account.
In RF‑/FOUNDATION Pro, the available reinforcing steel diameters can be adjusted by the user. The adjustment of the available rebar diameters works similarly to the same function in the RF‑/CONCRETE (Members) and RF‑/CONCRETE Columns add‑on modules.
In RF‑/FOUNDATION Pro, reinforcement drawings are displayed after designing the foundation, where you can record all necessary structures of the reinforcement steel.
- 000945
- Add-on Modules
- RF-FRAME-JOINT Pro 5
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- JOINTS Steel | Column Base 8
- JOINTS Steel | DSTV 8
- JOINTS Steel | Pinned 8
- JOINTS Steel | Rigid 8
- JOINTS Steel | SIKLA 8
- JOINTS Steel | Tower 8
- JOINTS Timber | Steel to Timber 8
- JOINTS Timber | Timber to Timber 8
- RF-JOINTS Steel | SIKLA 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Column Base 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | DSTV 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Pinned 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Rigid 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Tower 5
- RF-JOINTS Timber | Steel to Timber 5
- RF-JOINTS Timber | Timber to Timber 5
- FRAME-JOINT Pro 8
- Steel Structures
- Timber Structures
- Steel Connections
- Eurocode 3
- Eurocode 5
In addition to the result tables, you can create three-dimensional graphics in RF‑/FRAME‑JOINT Pro and RF‑/JOINTS. This is a realistic representation of a connection to scale.
In RF-/FOUNDATION Pro, the foundation design requires the definition of the corresponding loading (load cases, load combinations, or result combinations) for different design situations (STR, GEO, UPL, or EQU).
Cross-section properties in RFEM and RSTAB include different types of shear areas. This technical article explains the calculation and meaning of various values.
In RFEM 5 as well as RSTAB 8 in RF-/FOUNDATION Pro, you can save the foundation dimensions for all five foundation types as foundation templates in a user-defined database and use them later in other models.
Diagonals of double angles are used for pipe bridge construction and for truss girders, among other things. They are usually subjected to tension, but it is necessary to transfer them in smaller compression forces with regard to the load application. In the case of slender diagonals in particular, you should also consider the bending due to self‑weight.