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When defining the effective slab width of T-beams, RFEM provides the predefined widths that are determined as 1/6 and 1/8 of the member length. A more detailed explanation on these two factors is given below.
- 000487
- Modeling | Structure
- RFEM 5
-
- RF-STEEL 5
- RF-STEEL AISC 5
- RF-STEEL AS 5
- RF-STEEL BS 5
- RF-STEEL CSA 5
- RF-STEEL EC3 5
- RF-STEEL GB 5
- RF-STEEL HK 5
- RF-STEEL IS 5
- RF-STEEL NBR 5
- RF-STEEL NTC-DF 5
- RF-STEEL SANS 5
- RF-STEEL SIA 5
- RF-STEEL SP 5
- RF-ALUMINUM 5
- RF-ALUMINUM ADM 5
- RSTAB 8
- STEEL 8
- STEEL AISC 8
- STEEL AS 8
- STEEL BS 8
- STEEL CSA 8
- STEEL EC3 8
- STEEL GB 8
- STEEL HK 8
- STEEL IS 8
- STEEL NBR 8
- STEEL NTC-DF 8
- STEEL SANS 8
- STEEL SIA 8
- STEEL SP 8
- ALUMINUM 8
- ALUMINUM ADM 8
- Steel Structures
- Process Manufacturing Plants
- Stairway Structures
- Structural Analysis & Design
- Eurocode 3
- ANSI/AISC 360
- SIA 263
- IS 800
- BS 5950-1
- GB 50017
- CSA S16
- AS 4100
- SP 16.13330
- SANS 10162-1
- ABNT NBR 800
- ADM
The support conditions of a beam subjected to bending are essential for its resistance to lateral-torsional buckling. If, for example, a single-span beam is held laterally in the middle of the span, the deflection of the compressed flange can be prevented, and a two-wave eigenmode can be enforced. The critical lateral-torsional buckling moment is increased significantly by this additional measure. In the add-on modules for member design, different types of lateral supports on a member can be defined using the "Intermediate supports" input window.
To cover the required transverse reinforcement, RF‑CONCRETE Members and CONCRETE determine the most cost-efficient transverse reinforcement as a reinforcement proposal in accordance with the predefined stirrup diameter.
The RF-CONCRETE Members and CONCRETE add-on modules provide the option for "Dimensioning of Longitudinal Reinforcement for Serviceability Limit State". You can select the design criteria for the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement.
In Part 1, the selection of the design criteria for dimensioning the reinforcement for the serviceability limit state design in RF‑CONCRETE Members and CONCRETE was explained. Now, we go into detail for the function "Find economical reinforcement for crack width design".
When optimizing cross-sections in the add-on modules, you can also select arbitrarily defined cross-section favorites lists - in addition to the cross-sections from the same cross-section series as the original cross-section.
RF‑CONCRETE Surfaces for RFEM 5 allows you to use averaged internal forces for design of concrete surfaces.
In RFEM 5 and RSTAB 8, you can design foundations according to EN 1992‑1‑1 and EN 1997‑1 in the RF‑/FOUNDATION Pro add‑on module.
The RX‑TIMBER stand-alone program offers you the option to optimize the lateral-torsional bracing. With this selection, the program iteratively determines the required minimum length of the lateral-torsional bracing.
Shrinkage and creep are time-dependent deformation properties of concrete that usually have to be considered in the serviceability limit state design.
In RF-/FOUNDATION Pro, you can also consider the concrete cover for the foundation according to EN 1992-1-1.
In timber design, beams are often built from several timber elements. The individual elements can be connected with glue, nails, bolts, or dowels. A glued connection is to be assumed as rigid. In the case of dowel‑type fasteners, the joint is compliant (slip joint), and the cross‑section properties of the connected elements cannot be fully applied.
The same structures are often needed in several projects, such as the purlin with columns and braces in this example. The dimensions can be changed directly in RFEM or RSTAB by shifting the nodes.
RF-CONCRETE Members for RFEM or CONCRETE for RSTAB propose an automatically created reinforcement to the user if the "Design the provided reinforcement" option is selected in Window 1.6 "Reinforcement".
The shear force resistance VRd,c without computational shear force reinforcement according to 6.2.2 of EN 1992-1-1 [1] or 10.3.3 of DIN 1045-1 [2] is calculated depending on the longitudinal reinforcement ratio. If the required longitudinal reinforcement from the bending design is used for the calculation of VRd,c, this leads to an underestimation of the shear force resistance without shear reinforcement in the vicinity of the hinged end supports. In contrast to the shear force, the required bending reinforcement decreases in the direction of the support. Furthermore, the actually inserted longitudinal reinforcement usually deviates significantly from the required bending reinforcement in the end support area (for example, in the case of non-staggered beam reinforcement).
In RF‑/FOUNDATION Pro, the reinforcement to be placed in the foundation slab and, if necessary, the bucket links, is displayed in a 3D rendering and in the reinforcement drawings.
For relatively large or relatively small surfaces, it can happen that the automatically created result values do not fit the model: In the case of large surfaces, there can be too many result values; in the case of small surfaces, too few.
In RF‑/CONCRETE Columns, different methods are available for defining the minimum longitudinal reinforcement. The minimum reinforcement can be selected according to the design standard used and/or specified by the user.
With the RF-/TIMBER Pro add-on module, you can perform the vibration design known from DIN 1052 for the design according to EN 1995-1-1. In this design, the deflection under permanent and quasi-permanent action at the ideal one‑span beam may not exceed the limit value (6 mm according to DIN 1052). If you consider the relation between the natural frequency and the deflection for a hinged single-span beam subjected to a constant distributed load, the 6 mm limit value results in a minimum natural frequency of about 7.2 Hz.
For automatic load case combination in RFEM and RSTAB, you have to enter the possible interaction of load cases. In addition to the simultaneous or alternative occurrence of all load cases of an action, an option for different combination conditions is possible.
In RF-/FOUNDATION Pro, a graphical display of the result details is available. To see them, go to Window 2.2 Governing Design Criteria after the calculation. In the interactive graphic of this window, individual design-relevant values can be displayed for each design performed.
For uniformly distributed loading according to EN 1992‑1‑1 (Eurocode 2), the design section for the shear reinforcement can be placed at the distance d from the front edge of the support. Thus for the shear reinforcement, the applied shear force is reduced to VEd,red. To analyze the maximum design shear resistance VRd,max, however, the total shear force is applied.
In RFEM and RSTAB, different graphical representations of the foundation dimensions are available.
For foundation design, it is necessary to define the relevant loads for the respective design situations (STR, GEO, UPL, EQU).
The RF-/LIMITS add-on module allows you to compare the ultimate limit state of members, member ends, nodes, nodal supports, and surfaces (RFEM only) by means of a defined ultimate load capacity. Furthermore, you can check nodal displacements and cross-section dimensions. In this example, the column bases of a carport are to be compared with the maximum allowable forces specified by the manufacturer.
For the design of concrete surfaces, the rib component of the internal forces can be neglected for the ULS calculation and for the analytical method of the SLS calculation, because this component is already considered in the member design. To do this, select the check box in the "Details" dialog box. If no rib was defined, this function is not available.
In RF‑/FOUNDATION Pro, you now have the option to design a foundation at one or several nodes of the model.
When calculating foundations according to EC 7 or EC 2, different foundation types or sizes are usually used in one object. However, boundary conditions like the soil parameters, the materials for foundations, concrete covers, and the load combinations selected for design remain the same for all foundations, as a rule.
In RF-/FOUNDATION Pro, the user can freely select the proportion of the relieving soil pressure by means of the factor kred.
For a timber connection as shown in Figure 01, you can take into account the torsional spring rigidity (spring stiffness for rotation) of the connections. You can determine it by means of the slip modulus of the fastener and the polar moment of inertia of the connection.