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The design of an Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frame (OCBF) and a Special Concentrically Braced Frame (SCBF) can be carried out in the Steel Design add-on of RFEM 6. The seismic design result according to AISC 341-16 and 341-22 is categorized into two sections: Member Requirements and Connection Requirements.
The Steel Design add-on in RFEM 6 now offers the ability to perform seismic design according to AISC 341-16 and AISC 341-22. Five types of seismic force-resisting systems (SFRS) are currently available.
Moment frame design according to AISC 341-16 is now possible in the Steel Design add-on of RFEM 6. The seismic design result is categorized into two sections: member requirements and connection requirements. This article covers the required strength of the connection. An example comparison of the results between RFEM and the AISC Seismic Design Manual [2] is presented.
The three types of moment frames (Ordinary, Intermediate, Special) are available in the Steel Design add-on of RFEM 6. The seismic design result according to AISC 341-16 is categorized into two sections: member requirements and connection requirements.
The three types of moment frames (Ordinary, Intermediate, Special) are available in the Steel Design add-on of RFEM 6. The seismic design result according to AISC 341-22 is categorized into two sections: member requirements and connection requirements.
When designing bending-resistant connections from I-beams, the connection is dissolved into the individual parts. For these basic components of a joint, there are separate formula calculators for load-bearing capacity and stiffness. In RFEM and RSTAB, frame joints can be designed using the RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro add-on module.
In this example, the design resistance of an end plate according to EN 1993-1-8 [1] is to be determined; the other components are not described here. To check the results, the dimensions of the connection IH 3.1 B 30 24 of Typified Connections [2] were used. S 235 material and bolts with strength 10.9 are used.
Table 3.1 of EN 1993‑1‑8:2010‑12 defines the nominal values of the yield strength and the ultimate limit strength of bolts. The bolt classes given here are 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 10.9. The note for this table states that the National Annex may exclude certain bolt classes. For the NA of Germany, these are the bolt classes 4.8, 5.8, and 6.8.
When designing a steel cross-section according to Eurocode 3, it is important to assign the cross-section to one of the four cross-section classes. Classes 1 and 2 allow for a plastic design; classes 3 and 4 are only for elastic design. In addition to the resistance of the cross-section, the structural component's sufficient stability has to be analyzed.
The product range of Dlubal Software contains various modules for the design of steel and timber connections. The RF-/JOINTS Steel – Column Base add-on module allows you to analyze footings of hinged or restrained steel column bases. The fastener selection, foundation geometry, and material quality are crucial for the cost-effective and safe design of the column base.
When connecting tension-loaded components with bolted connections, the cross-section reduction due to the bolt holes must be taken into account in the ultimate limit state design. This article describes how the design of the tension resistance according to DIN EN 1993‑1‑1 can be performed with the net cross-section area of the tension member in the RF‑/STEEL EC3 add-on module.
- 001541
- Results
- RFEM 5
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- RF-DYNAM Pro | Natural Vibrations 5
- RF-DYNAM Pro | Equivalent Loads 5
- RF-DYNAM Pro | Forced Vibrations 5
- RSTAB 8
- DYNAM Pro | Natural Vibrations 8
- DYNAM Pro | Equivalent Loads 8
- Concrete Structures
- Steel Structures
- Timber Structures
- Process Manufacturing Plants
- Power Plants
- Buildings
- Dynamic and Seismic Analysis
- ASCE 7
RFEM offers the option to perform a response spectrum analysis according to ASCE 7-16. This standard describes the determination of seismic loads for the American market. It might happen that the P-Delta effect has to be considered due to the stiffness of the entire structure in order to calculate the internal forces and carry out the design.
Both the determination of natural vibrations and the response spectrum analysis are always performed on a linear system. If nonlinearities exist in the system, they are linearized and thus not taken into account. Straight tension members are very often used in practice. This article will show how you can display them approximately correctly in a dynamic analysis.
Closed circular cross-sections are ideal for welded truss structures. The architecture of such constructions is popular when designing transparent roofs. This article shows the special features of the connection design using hollow sections.
Utilize the RF-/STEEL Cold-Formed Sections module extension to perform ultimate limit state designs of cold-formed sections according to EN 1993-1-3 and EN 1993-1-5. In addition to the cold-formed cross-sections from the cross-section database, you can design general cross-sections from SHAPE-THIN.
A site joint consisting of hollow sections with end plates will be designed. It is the bottom chord of a truss that has to be divided for transport reasons.
A fillet weld is the most common weld type in steel building construction. According to EN 1993-1-8, 4.3.2.1 (1) [1], fillet welds may be used for connecting structural part where the fusion faces form an angle of between 60° and 120°.
In the RF‑/HSS add‑on module, you can analyze the connections for nodes at which hollow sections join. RF‑/HSS performs the ultimate limit state designs according to EN 1993‑1‑8:2005.
The RF‑/STEEL EC3 add-on module can perform the design of fillet welds for all parametric, welded cross-sections of the cross-section library. For this, the option must be activated in the detail settings of the module. As an alternative, you can also use a surface model for the design.
This technical article deals with the design of structural components and cross-sections of a welded truss girder in the ultimate limit state. Furthermore, the deformation analysis in the serviceability limit state is described.
A welded connection of an HEA cross-section under biaxial bending with axial force will be designed. The design of welds for the given internal forces according to the simplified method (DIN EN 1993-1-8, Clause 4.5.3.3) by means of SHAPE-THIN will be performed.
The design of cold-rolled steel products is defined in EN 1993-1-3. Typical cross-section shapes are channel, C, Z, top hat, and sigma sections. These are cold-rolled steel products made of thin-walled sheet metal that has been cold-formed by roll-forming or bending methods. When designing the ultimate limit states, it is also necessary to ensure that local transverse forces do not lead to compression, crippling of the web, or local buckling in the web of the sections. These effects can be caused by local transverse forces by the flange into the web, as well as by support forces at the supported points. Section 6.1.7 of EN 1993-1-3 specifies in detail how to determine the resistance of the web Rw,Rd under local transverse forces.
Steel connections in RFEM 6 are defined as an assembly of components. In the new Steel Joints add-on, universally applicable basic components (plates, welds, auxiliary planes) are available for entering complex connection situations. The methods with which connections can be defined are considered in two previous Knowledge Base articles: “A Novel Approach to Designing Steel Joints in RFEM 6" and “Defining Steel Joint Components Using the Library".
The European standard EN 1993-1-8, Section 4.5.3.3. provides the user with a simplified method for the ultimate limit state design of fillet welds. According to the standard, the design is fulfilled if the design value of the resultant acting on the fillet weld area is smaller than the design value of the weld's load-bearing capacity. Thus, if you want to dimension the weld for a surface model, you will be faced with a variety of results due to the nature of FEM calculations. Therefore, we show in the following text how to determine the force components from the model.
RF-/DYNAM Pro - Equivalent Loads allows you to determine the loads due to equivalent seismic loads according to the multi‑modal response spectrum method. In the example shown here, this was done for a multi‑mass oscillator.
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- Add-on Modules
- RF-FRAME-JOINT Pro 5
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- JOINTS Steel | Column Base 8
- JOINTS Steel | DSTV 8
- JOINTS Steel | Pinned 8
- JOINTS Steel | Rigid 8
- JOINTS Steel | SIKLA 8
- JOINTS Steel | Tower 8
- JOINTS Timber | Steel to Timber 8
- JOINTS Timber | Timber to Timber 8
- RF-JOINTS Steel | SIKLA 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Column Base 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | DSTV 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Pinned 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Rigid 5
- RF-JOINTS Steel | Tower 5
- RF-JOINTS Timber | Steel to Timber 5
- RF-JOINTS Timber | Timber to Timber 5
- FRAME-JOINT Pro 8
- Steel Structures
- Timber Structures
- Steel Connections
- Eurocode 3
- Eurocode 5
In addition to the result tables, you can create three-dimensional graphics in RF‑/FRAME‑JOINT Pro and RF‑/JOINTS. This is a realistic representation of a connection to scale.
The determined values for the influence ordinates are displayed as decimal numbers with up to six decimal places by default. This is usually sufficient for the influence lines of internal forces.
The advantage of the RFEM 6 Steel Joints add-on is that you can analyze steel connections using an FE model for which the modeling runs fully automatically in the background. The input of the steel joint components that control the modeling can be done by defining the components manually, or by using the available templates in the library. The latter method is included in a previous Knowledge Base article titled “Defining Steel Joint Components Using the Library". The definition of parameters for the design of steel joints is the topic of the Knowledge Base article “Designing Steel Joints in RFEM 6".
Fin plate connections are a popular form of pinned steel connection and are commonly used for secondary beams in steel structures. They can be used easily in beam structures arranged on the top edge (for example, working platforms). Manufacturing expenditures in the workshop as well as the onsite assembly costs are normally manageable. The design seems to be completed easily and quickly, but it has to be put into perspective to a certain extent in the following text. Moreover, this connection type is basically possible as a pinned beam-to-beam or pinned beam-to-column connection; the former case is the more common one in design practice.
Compliance with building codes, such as Eurocode, is essential to ensure the safety, structural integrity, and sustainability of buildings and structures. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays a vital role in this process by simulating fluid behavior, optimizing designs, and helping architects and engineers meet Eurocode requirements related to wind load analysis, natural ventilation, fire safety, and energy efficiency. By integrating CFD into the design process, professionals can create safer, more efficient, and compliant buildings that meet the highest standards of construction and design in Europe.